How to install MySQL on a Linux system (using tarball)

On Linux systems, MySQL is a very commonly used open source database management software. It focuses on stability, reliability, high performance and scalability, and is very suitable for the development and deployment of enterprise-level applications. This article will introduce how to install MySQL on a Linux system, especially using a tar package.

1. Preparation

Before starting the installation, you should make sure that you have installed the necessary software packages and dependencies. In particular, you need to install libraries such as gcc, make, and openssl-devel.

In addition, it is recommended that you stop all running MySQL services before installing MySQL. You can use the command systemctl stop mysqld to stop the mysqld service.

2. Download the MySQL software package

Before starting the installation, we need to download the MySQL tar package from the official website. You can download the latest version of MySQL from the official website (https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/). We can choose to download the version suitable for our system, such as the latest version MySQL 8.0. The link of the tar package that needs to be downloaded is https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-8.0/mysql-8.0.26-linux -glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz.

3. Decompress the software package

The command to decompress the MySQL tar package is tar -xvf mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz.

After decompression, a directory named mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 will be generated, which contains all files and directories required for MySQL installation.

4. Install MySQL

In the decompression directory, there is a subdirectory named "bin", which contains the MySQL binary file. We need to enter the directory directly as the root user and execute the following command to start the MySQL installation:

cd mysql-8.0.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql

This will start the MySQL initialization process and create a user named mysql to manage MySQL. The MySQL initialization process will generate a random password, which will be recorded in the error.log file. Find the PASSWORD field in the file to view the random password.

Next, we need to execute the following command as the root user to install MySQL:

./mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --datadir=<data-directory></data-directory>

Where, data-directory is the directory where you want to store MySQL data. For example, you can create a directory called /var/lib/mysql and use it as the MySQL data directory.

After executing the above command, we need to start MySQL:

./mysqld_safe --datadir=<data-directory></data-directory>

At this time, the MySQL service has been started and running. You can use the show databases; command to verify that MySQL is installed correctly.

5. Configure MySQL

After MySQL is installed, the default configuration may not suit your needs. Therefore, you need to perform some additional configuration to optimize MySQL performance. To configure, edit the MySQL configuration file my.cnf.

By default, MySQL does not create the my.cnf file on Linux. Therefore, we need to create the file manually and place it in the /etc/mysql directory. You can use the following command to create a new my.cnf file:

cd /etc/mysql
vim my.cnf

In the my.cnf file, you can configure MySQL to suit your needs. For example, you can set MySQL's cache size, log level, permissions, etc. Complete MySQL configuration details are beyond the scope of this article, we recommend you check out the official documentation for more complete MySQL configuration information.

6. Start the MySQL service

You can use the following command to start the MySQL service:

systemctl start mysqld

If the MySQL service is running, you can use the following command to restart the service:

systemctl restart mysqld

7. Summary

This article introduces how to install and configure MySQL on a Linux system. We installed it using a tarball and optimized MySQL to improve its performance. Through the above steps, you can achieve fast, safe, and reliable MySQL deployment. In actual use, you also need to consider more factors, such as data backup, security and fault tolerance, etc.

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