打印文件的方法如下:
/** * 根据文件路径读取文件内容 * * @param fileInPath * @throws IOException */ public static void getFileContent(Object fileInPath) throws IOException { BufferedReader br = null; if (fileInPath == null) { return; } if (fileInPath instanceof String) { br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(new File((String) fileInPath))); } else if (fileInPath instanceof InputStream) { br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader((InputStream) fileInPath)); } String line; while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) { System.out.println(line); } br.close(); }
方式一
主要核心方法是使用getResource和getPath方法,这里的getResource("")里面是空字符串
public void function1(String fileName) throws IOException { String path = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource("").getPath();//注意getResource("")里面是空字符串 System.out.println(path); String filePath = path + fileName; System.out.println(filePath); getFileContent(filePath); }
方式二
主要核心方法是使用getResource和getPath方法,直接通过getResource(fileName)方法获取文件路径,注意如果是路径中带有中文一定要使用URLDecoder.decode解码。
/** * 直接通过文件名getPath来获取路径 * * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function2(String fileName) throws IOException { String path = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileName).getPath();//注意getResource("")里面是空字符串 System.out.println(path); String filePath = URLDecoder.decode(path, "UTF-8");//如果路径中带有中文会被URLEncoder,因此这里需要解码 System.out.println(filePath); getFileContent(filePath); }
方式三
直接通过文件名+getFile()来获取文件。如果是文件路径的话getFile和getPath效果是一样的,如果是URL路径的话getPath是带有参数的路径。如下所示:
url.getFile()=/pub/files/foobar.txt?id=123456 url.getPath()=/pub/files/foobar.txt
使用getFile()方式获取文件的代码如下:
/** * 直接通过文件名+getFile()来获取 * * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function3(String fileName) throws IOException { String path = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(fileName).getFile();//注意getResource("")里面是空字符串 System.out.println(path); String filePath = URLDecoder.decode(path, "UTF-8");//如果路径中带有中文会被URLEncoder,因此这里需要解码 System.out.println(filePath); getFileContent(filePath); }
方式四(重要)
直接使用getResourceAsStream方法获取流,上面的几种方式都需要获取文件路径,但是在SpringBoot中所有文件都在jar包中,没有一个实际的路径,因此可以使用以下方式。
/** * 直接使用getResourceAsStream方法获取流 * springboot项目中需要使用此种方法,因为jar包中没有一个实际的路径存放文件 * * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function4(String fileName) throws IOException { InputStream in = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream(fileName); getFileContent(in); }
方式五(重要)
主要也是使用getResourceAsStream方法获取流,不使用getClassLoader可以使用getResourceAsStream("/配置测试.txt")直接从resources根路径下获取,SpringBoot中所有文件都在jar包中,没有一个实际的路径,因此可以使用以下方式。
/** * 直接使用getResourceAsStream方法获取流 * 如果不使用getClassLoader,可以使用getResourceAsStream("/配置测试.txt")直接从resources根路径下获取 * * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function5(String fileName) throws IOException { InputStream in = this.getClass().getResourceAsStream("/" + fileName); getFileContent(in); }
方式六(重要)
通过ClassPathResource类获取文件流,SpringBoot中所有文件都在jar包中,没有一个实际的路径,因此可以使用以下方式。
/** * 通过ClassPathResource类获取,建议SpringBoot中使用 * springboot项目中需要使用此种方法,因为jar包中没有一个实际的路径存放文件 * * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function6(String fileName) throws IOException { ClassPathResource classPathResource = new ClassPathResource(fileName); InputStream inputStream = classPathResource.getInputStream(); getFileContent(inputStream); }
方式七
通过绝对路径获取项目中文件的位置,只是本地绝对路径,不能用于服务器获取。
/** * 通过绝对路径获取项目中文件的位置(不能用于服务器) * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function7(String fileName) throws IOException { String rootPath = System.getProperty("user.dir");//E:\WorkSpace\Git\spring-framework-learning-example String filePath = rootPath + "\\chapter-2-springmvc-quickstart\\src\\main\\resources\\"+fileName; getFileContent(filePath); }
方式八
通过new File("")获取当前的绝对路径,只是本地绝对路径,不能用于服务器获取。
/** * 通过绝对路径获取项目中文件的位置(不能用于服务器) * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function8(String fileName) throws IOException { //参数为空 File directory = new File(""); //规范路径:getCanonicalPath() 方法返回绝对路径,会把 ..\ 、.\ 这样的符号解析掉 String rootCanonicalPath = directory.getCanonicalPath(); //绝对路径:getAbsolutePath() 方法返回文件的绝对路径,如果构造的时候是全路径就直接返回全路径,如果构造时是相对路径,就返回当前目录的路径 + 构造 File 对象时的路径 String rootAbsolutePath =directory.getAbsolutePath(); System.out.println(rootCanonicalPath); System.out.println(rootAbsolutePath); String filePath = rootCanonicalPath + "\\chapter-2-springmvc-quickstart\\src\\main\\resources\\"+fileName; getFileContent(filePath); }
方式九
主要是通过设置环境变量,将文件放在环境变量中,原理也是通过绝对路径获取。
示例中我设置了一个环境变量:TEST_ROOT=E:\\WorkSpace\\Git\\spring-framework-learning-example
System.getenv("TEST_ROOT"); System.getProperty("TEST_ROOT")
通过设置环境变量的方式,然后通过绝对路径获取文件
/** * 通过绝对路径获取项目中文件的位置 * * @param fileName * @throws IOException */ public void function9(String fileName) throws IOException { System.setProperty("TEST_ROOT","E:\\WorkSpace\\Git\\spring-framework-learning-example"); //参数为空 String rootPath = System.getProperty("TEST_ROOT"); System.out.println(rootPath); String filePath = rootPath + "\\chapter-2-springmvc-quickstart\\src\\main\\resources\\"+fileName; getFileContent(filePath); }
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