How to get the last few characters of an array in php

When developing PHP, you often need to operate on arrays. Among them, getting the last few elements of an array is a common requirement. This article will introduce several ways to achieve this goal.

1. array_slice() function

array_slice() function can obtain elements within a specified range from an array.

Syntax:

array array_slice ( array $array , int $offset [, int $length = NULL [, bool $preserve_keys = false ]] )

Parameter description:

• array: source array
• offset: starting position. If offset is a negative number, counting starts from the end, for example -1 means the first element from the bottom
• length: the number of elements to be obtained. The default is null, which means all elements from offset to the end of the array
• preserve_keys: Whether to preserve key names. The default is false, that is, the new array uses consecutive integer key names

Code example:

// 定义数组
$arr = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'];
// 获取倒数 3 个元素
$newArr = array_slice($arr, -3);
// 输出结果
var_dump($newArr); // array(3) { [4]=> string(1) "e" [5]=> string(1) "f" [6]=> string(1) "g" }

2. array_splice() function

array_splice() function can be obtained from Removes an element from an array and replaces the removed element with a new element.

Syntax:

array array_splice ( array &$input , int $offset [, int $length = 0 [, mixed $replacement ]] )

Parameter description:

• input: source array, passed by reference
• offset: the start of the element to be removed Location. If offset is a negative number, counting starts from the end, for example -1 means the first element from the bottom
• length: the number of elements to be removed. The default is 0, which means all elements from offset to the end of the array
• replacement: the replacement element to be inserted

Code example:

// 定义数组
$arr = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'];
// 移除前 4 个元素，插入新元素
array_splice($arr, 0, count($arr)-3, ['x', 'y', 'z']);
// 输出结果
var_dump($arr); // array(6) { [0]=> string(1) "x" [1]=> string(1) "y" [2]=> string(1) "z" [3]=> string(1) "e" [4]=> string(1) "f" [5]=> string(1) "g" }

3. end() Function

end() function returns the last element of the array.

Syntax:

mixed end ( array &$array )

Parameter description:

• array: source array, passed by reference

Code example:

// 定义数组
$arr = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f', 'g'];
// 获取最后 3 个元素
$newArr = [];
for ($i=0; $i<3; $i++) {
    $newArr[] = end($arr);
    prev($arr);
}
// 输出结果
var_dump($newArr); // array(3) { [0]=> string(1) "g" [1]=> string(1) "f" [2]=> string(1) "e" }

Among the above methods, the array_slice() function is the most intuitive and easy to understand method. The array_splice() function can implement more complex operations, but requires extra attention to the order of removed elements and new elements. The end() function provides a different idea and can be used in some special scenarios.

In short, in actual development, only by choosing different methods according to different needs can we better operate arrays.

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