Laravel的主要技术特点:
1、Bundle是Laravel的扩展包组织形式或称呼。Laravel的扩展包仓库已经相当成熟了,可以很容易的帮你把扩展包(bundle)安装到你的应用中。你可以选择下载一个扩展包(bundle)然后拷贝到bundles目录,或者通过命令行工具“Artisan”自动安装。
2、在Laravel中已经具有了一套高级的PHP ActiveRecord实现 -- Eloquent ORM。它能方便的将“约束(constraints)”应用到关系的双方,这样你就具有了对数据的完全控制,而且享受到ActiveRecord的所有便利。Eloquent原生支持Fluent中查询构造器(query-builder)的所有方法。
3、应用逻辑(Application Logic)可以在控制器(controllers)中实现,也可以直接集成到路由(route)声明中,并且语法和Sinatra框架类似。Laravel的设计理念是:给开发者以最大的灵活性,既能创建非常小的网站也能构建大型的企业应用。
4、反向路由(Reverse Routing)赋予你通过路由(routes)名称创建链接(URI)的能力。只需使用路由名称(route name),Laravel就会自动帮你创建正确的URI。这样你就可以随时改变你的路由(routes),Laravel会帮你自动更新所有相关的链接。
5、Restful控制器(Restful Controllers)是一项区分GET和POST请求逻辑的可选方式。比如在一个用户登陆逻辑中,你声明了一个get_login()的动作(action)来处理获取登陆页面的服务;同时也声明了一个post_login()动作(action)来校验表单POST过来的数据,并且在验证之后,做出重新转向(redirect)到登陆页面还是转向控制台的决定。
6、自动加载类(Class Auto-loading)简化了类(class)的加载工作,以后就可以不用去维护自动加载配置表和非必须的组件加载工作了。当你想加载任何库(library)或模型(model)时,立即使用就行了,Laravel会自动帮你加载需要的文件。
7、视图组装器(View Composers)本质上就是一段代码,这段代码在视图(View)加载时会自动执行。最好的例子就是博客中的侧边随机文章推荐,“视图组装器”中包含了加载随机文章推荐的逻辑,这样,你只需要加载内容区域的视图(view)就行了,其它的事情Laravel会帮你自动完成。
8、反向控制容器(IoC container)提供了生成新对象、随时实例化对象、访问单例(singleton)对象的便捷方式。反向控制(IoC)意味着你几乎不需要特意去加载外部的库(libraries),就可以在代码中的任意位置访问这些对象,并且不需要忍受繁杂、冗余的代码结构。
9、迁移(Migrations)就像是版本控制(version control)工具,不过,它管理的是数据库范式,并且直接集成在了Laravel中。你可以使用“Artisan”命令行工具生成、执行“迁移”指令。当你的小组成员改变了数据库范式的时候,你就可以轻松的通过版本控制工具更新当前工程,然后执行“迁移"指令即可,好了,你的数据库已经是最新的了!
10、单元测试(Unit-Testing)是Laravel中很重要的部分。Laravel自身就包含数以百计的测试用例,以保障任何一处的修改不会影响其它部分的功能,这就是为什么在业内Laravel被认为是最稳版本的原因之一。Laravel也提供了方便的功能,让你自己的代码容易的进行单元测试。通过Artisan命令行工具就可以运行所有的测试用例。
11、自动分页(Automatic Pagination)功能避免了在你的业务逻辑中混入大量无关分页配置代码。方便的是不需要记住当前页,只要从数据库中获取总的条目数量,然后使用limit/offset获取选定的数据,最后调用‘paginate'方法,让Laravel将各页链接输出到指定的视图(View)中即可,Laravel会替你自动完成所有工作。Laravel的自动分页系统被设计为容易实现、易于修改。虽然Laravel可以自动处理这些工作,但是不要忘了调用相应方法和手动配置分页系统哦!
下面来用一些小例子加以解释说明:
微服务和程序接口
Lumen是一个由laravel衍生的专注于精简的微框架。它高性能的程序接口可让你更加简单快速的开发微型项目。Lumen使用最小的配置集成了所有laravel的重要特性,你可以通过将代码复制到laravel项目的方式将完整的框架迁移过来。
<?php $app->get('/', function() { return view('lumen'); }); $app->post('framework/{id}', function($framework) { $this->dispatch(new Energy($framework)); });
HTTP路径
Laravel拥有类似于Ruby on Rails的,快速、高效的路由系统。它可以让用户通过在浏览器上输入路径的方式让应用程序的各部分相关联。
HTTP中间件
Route::get('/', function () { return 'Hello World'; });
应用程序可受到中间件的保护——中间件会处理分析和过滤服务器上的HTTP请求。你可以安装中间件,用于验证注册用户,并避免如跨站脚本(XSS)或其它的安全状况的问题。
<?php namespace App\Http\Middleware; use Closure; class OldMiddleware { public function handle($request, Closure $next) { if ($request->input('age') <= 200) { return redirect('home'); } return $next($request); } }
缓存
你的应用程序可得到一个健壮的缓存系统,通过对其进行调整,可以让应用程序的加载更加快速,这可以给你的用户提供最好的使用体验。
Cache::extend('mongo', function($app) { return Cache::repository(new MongoStore); });
身份验证
安全是至关重要的。Laravel自带对本地用户的身份验证,并可以使用“remember” 选项来记住用户。它还可以让你例如一些额外参数,例如显示是否为活跃的用户。
if (Auth::attempt(['email' => $email, 'password' => $password, 'active' => 1 ], $remember)) { // The user is being remembered... }
各种集成
Laravel Cashier可以满足你要开发支付系统所需要的一切需求。除此之外,它还同步并集成了用户身份验证系统。所以,你不再需要担心如何将计费系统集成到开发当中了。
$user = User::find(1); $user->subscription('monthly')->create($creditCardToken);
任务自动化
Elixir是一个可让我们使用Gulp定义任务的Laravel程序接口,我们可以使用Elixir定义可精简CSS 和JavaScript的预处理器。
elixir(function(mix) { mix.browserify('main.js'); });
加密
一个安全的应用程序应该做到可把数据进行加密。使用Laravel,可以启用OpenSSL安全加密算法AES-256-CBC来满足你所有的需求。另外,所有的加密值都是由检测加密信息是否被改变的验证码所签署的。
use Illuminate\Contracts\Encryption\DecryptException; try { $decrypted = Crypt::decrypt($encryptedValue); } catch (DecryptException $e) { // }
事件处理
应用程序中事件的定义、记录和聆听都非常迅速。EventServiceProvider事件中的listen包含记录在你应用程序上所有事件的列表。
protected $listen = [ 'App\Events\PodcastWasPurchased' => [ 'App\Listeners\EmailPurchaseConfirmation', ], ];
分页
在Laravel中分页是非常容易的因为它能够根据用户的浏览器当前页面生成一系列链接。
<?php namespace App\Http\Controllers; use DB; use App\Http\Controllers\Controller; class UserController extends Controller { public function index() { $users = DB::table('users')->paginate(15); return view('user.index', ['users' => $users]); } }
对象关系化映射(ORM)
Laravel包含一个处理数据库的层,它的对象关系化映射被称为Eloquent。另外这个也适用于PostgreSQL。
$users = User::where('votes', '>', 100)->take(10)->get(); foreach ($users as $user) { var_dump($user->name); }
单元测试
单元测试的开发是一个耗费大量时间的任务,但是它却是保证我们的应用程序保持正常工作的关键。Laravel中可使用PHPUnit执行单元测试。
<php use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\WithoutMiddleware; use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\DatabaseTransactions; class ExampleTest extends TestCase { public function testBasicExample() { $this->visit('/')->see('Laravel 5')->dontSee('Rails'); } }
待办事项清单
Laravel提供在后台使用待办事项清单(to do list)处理复杂、漫长流程的选择。它可以让我们异步处理某些流程而不需要用户的持续导航。
Queue :: push ( new SendEmail ( $ message ));

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP is not dead. 1) The PHP community actively solves performance and security issues, and PHP7.x improves performance. 2) PHP is suitable for modern web development and is widely used in large websites. 3) PHP is easy to learn and the server performs well, but the type system is not as strict as static languages. 4) PHP is still important in the fields of content management and e-commerce, and the ecosystem continues to evolve. 5) Optimize performance through OPcache and APC, and use OOP and design patterns to improve code quality.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the project requirements. 1) PHP is suitable for web development, easy to learn, rich community resources, but the syntax is not modern enough, and performance and security need to be paid attention to. 2) Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and easy to learn, but there are bottlenecks in execution speed and memory management.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.


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