在PHP程序开发中,经常会执行字符串的截取操作,比如输出信息列表时,标题不宜过长,打印文章摘要时,也要执行一系列的字符串截取操作。遇到这些需求时,我们经常会想到使用substr()方法来实现,substr()对全英文字符串的截取是比较适合的。
但字符串只要出现中文字符,就有可能导致PHP substr中文乱码,因为中文UTF-8编码,每个汉字占3字节,而GB2312占2字节,英文占1字节,截取位数不准确,substr()硬生生地将一个中文字符“锯”成两半,造成断开的字符会把其后的..拉过来一起做一个字,所以出现了PHP substr中文乱码。
substr --- 取得部份字符串
语法 : string substr (string string, int start [, int length])
说明 :
substr( )传回 string的一部份字符串,由参数 start和 length指定。
如果 start是正数,传回的字符串将会从 string的第 start个字元开始。
Example :
<?php $rest = substr ("abcdef", 1); // returns "bcdef" $rest = substr ("abcdef", 1, 3); // returns "bcd" ?>
如果 start是负数,传回的字符串将会从 string结尾的第 start个字开始。
Example :
<?php $rest = substr ("abcdef", -1); // returns "f" $rest = substr ("abcdef", -2); // returns "ef" $rest = substr ("abcdef", -3, 1); // returns "d" ?>
如果有给予参数 length而且是正数时,传回的字符串将会从 start传回 length个字元。
如果有给予参数 length而且是负数时,传回的字符串将会结束于 string结尾的第 length个字元。
Example :
<?php $rest = substr ("abcdef", 1, -1); // returns "bcde" ?>
对于英文没有问题,我们测试一个中文
<?php $rest = substr ("中国人", 1, -1); // returns "fdsafsda" 就是乱码了 ?>
这种截取字符的结果,肯定不是我们想要的结果,这种出现PHP substr中文乱码的情况,可能会导致程序无法正常运行。解决办法主要有两种:
一、使用mbstring扩展库的mb_substr()截取就不会出现乱码了。
可以用mb_substr()/mb_strcut()这个函数,mb_substr()/mb_strcut()的用法与substr()相似,只是在mb_substr()/mb_strcut最后要加入多一个参数,以设定字符串的编码,但是一般的服务器都没打开php_mbstring.dll,需要在php.ini在把php_mbstring.dll打开。
<?php echo mb_substr("php中文字符encode",0,4,"utf-8"); ?>
如果未指定最后一个编码参数,会是三个字节为一个中文,这就是utf-8编码的特点,若加上utf-8字符集说明,所以,是以一个字为单位来截取的。
使用的时候要注意php文件的编码,和网页显示时的编码。使用这个mb_substr方法要事先知道字符串的编码,如果不知道编码,就需要判断,mbstring库还提供了mb_check_encoding来检验字符串编码,但还不完善。
PHP 自带几种字符串截取函数,其中常用到的就是 substr 和 mb_substr。前者在处理中文时,GBK 为 2 个长度单位,UTF 为 3 个长度单位,后者指定编码后,一个中文即为 1 个长度单位。
substr 有时会截 1/3 个中文或半个中文,会显示乱码,相对来说 mb_substr 更适合我们使用。不过有时候 mb_substr 就显得不那么好用了。例如我要显示一个小图片的简要信息,5 个中文正好,超过 5 个就截取前4再加上 ”…”,这样处理中文是没问题了,可是处理英文或数字,这样截取就太短了。
二、自己书写截取函数,但效率不如用mbstring扩展库来得高。下面是ecshop里面的截取UTF-8编码下字符串的函数。
function sub_str($str, $length = , $append = true) { $str = trim($str); $strlength = strlen($str); if ($length == || $length >= $strlength) { return $str; //截取长度等于或大于等于本字符串的长度,返回字符串本身 } elseif ($length < ) //如果截取长度为负数 { $length = $strlength + $length;//那么截取长度就等于字符串长度减去截取长度 if ($length < ) { $length = $strlength;//如果截取长度的绝对值大于字符串本身长度,则截取长度取字符串本身的长度 } } if (function_exists('mb_substr')) { $newstr = mb_substr($str, , $length, EC_CHARSET); } elseif (function_exists('iconv_substr')) { $newstr = iconv_substr($str, , $length, EC_CHARSET); } else { //$newstr = trim_right(substr($str, , $length)); $newstr = substr($str, , $length); } if ($append && $str != $newstr) { $newstr .= '...'; } return $newstr; }
好了,本文全部叙述到此为止,相信会给大家带来收获的,以上代码也很简单,有不明白的地方欢迎给我留言,我会在第一时间给大家答复的。

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