How to scrape HTTPS requests using Node.js

Node.js is a JavaScript running environment based on the Chrome V8 engine. It provides a rich set of modules that can make network requests and page crawling very convenient. However, when making HTTPS requests, some complexity is added due to processes such as encryption and certificate verification. This article will introduce how to use Node.js to crawl HTTPS requests, as well as some problems encountered and solutions.

1. Preparation

Before starting, you need to ensure the following points:

1. Install the Node.js environment, and the Node.js version is greater than or equal to 0.11. 13 (previous version had SSL security vulnerability).
2. Use SSH or other secure means to connect to the server that needs to crawl the HTTPS requests.
3. Learn about HTTPS encryption and certificate verification.

2. How to handle HTTPS requests

When using Node.js to initiate HTTPS requests, you need to pay attention to the following aspects:

1. Required The https module makes requests, similar to using the http module.
2. Need to set proxy, certificate and other related parameters.
3. You need to pay attention to server certificate verification and certificate chain construction.

For example, use the https module to initiate a simple HTTPS request:

var https = require('https');

https.get('https://www.example.com/', function(res) {
  console.log('statusCode:', res.statusCode);
  console.log('headers:', res.headers);

  res.on('data', function(d) {
    process.stdout.write(d);
  });
}).on('error', function(e) {
  console.error(e);
});

It should be noted that in this case, Node.js will use its own certificate verification to Verify the server certificate.

3. Custom certificate verification

In some cases, we need to customize the certificate verification process to meet some specific needs, such as connecting to a private HTTPS service or crawling HTTPS Ignore SSL certificate errors etc. when requesting.

The process of custom certificate verification is basically to generate a CA from the certificate based on custom rules, and then add the CA to the trust list of Node.js. This process can be accomplished using the openssl tool. The specific steps are as follows:

1. Generate key and certificate request

openssl genrsa -out private-key.pem 2048
openssl req -new -key private-key.pem -out csr.pem

2. Use certificate request to generate certificate

openssl x509 -req -in csr.pem -signkey private-key.pem -out public-cert.pem

3. Add the certificate to the trust list of Node.js

var https = require('https');
var fs = require('fs');

var options = {
  hostname: 'www.example.com',
  port: 443,
  path: '/',
  method: 'GET',
  ca: [fs.readFileSync('public-cert.pem')]
};

https.request(options, function(res) {
  console.log(res.statusCode);
  res.on('data', function(chunk) {
    console.log(chunk.toString());
  });
}).end();

4. Detect and solve the SSLv3 POODLE security vulnerability

The SSLv3 POODLE security vulnerability is an attack method that uses SSLv3 to fill attack holes. Since SSLv3 itself has security vulnerabilities and has been gradually phased out after the TLS protocol was widely used, most browsers and server applications have stopped using SSLv3. However, under certain circumstances, there may still be requests to use SSLv3.

In Node.js, you can use the following code block to detect whether there is an SSLv3 POODLE security vulnerability:

var https = require('https');
var tls = require('tls');
var constants = require('constants');

tls.DEFAULT_MIN_VERSION = 'TLSv1';

var options = {
  hostname: 'www.example.com',
  port: 443,
  path: '/',
  method: 'GET'
};

https.request(options, function(res) {
  var socket = res.socket;
  socket.on('secureConnect', function() {
    if (socket.getProtocol() == 'SSLv3') {
      console.error('SSLv3 is enabled');
      process.exit(1);
    }
  });
  res.pipe(process.stdout);
}).end();

When SSLv3 is turned on, you can add it when Node.js is running--ssl-protocol=TLSv1 parameters to block SSLv3 vulnerabilities.

5. Conclusion

This article introduces how to use Node.js to capture HTTPS requests, including the processing of HTTPS requests, custom certificate verification, detection and resolution of SSLv3 POODLE security vulnerabilities, etc. I hope it will be helpful for everyone to understand Node.js's HTTPS request crawling.

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