核心逻辑
在定义应用程序的核心功能之前,先来看一看聊天应用程序的基本外观,如以下截图所示:
通过聊天窗口底部的输入框输入聊天文本。点击Send按钮,就开始执行函数set_chat_msg。这是一个基于Ajax的函数,因此无需刷新页面就可以将聊天文本发送到服务器。程序在服务器中执行chat_send_ajax.php以及用户名和聊天文本。
// // Set Chat Message // function set_chat_msg() { if(typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") { oxmlHttpSend = new XMLHttpRequest(); } else if (window.ActiveXObject) { oxmlHttpSend = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHttp"); } if(oxmlHttpSend == null) { alert("Browser does not support XML Http Request"); return; } var url = "chat_send_ajax.php"; var strname="noname"; var strmsg=""; if (document.getElementById("txtname") != null) { strname = document.getElementById("txtname").value; document.getElementById("txtname").readOnly=true; } if (document.getElementById("txtmsg") != null) { strmsg = document.getElementById("txtmsg").value; document.getElementById("txtmsg").value = ""; } url += "?name=" + strname + "&msg=" + strmsg; oxmlHttpSend.open("GET",url,true); oxmlHttpSend.send(null); }
PHP模块从Query String(查询字符串)中接收表单数据,更新到命名为chat的数据库表中。chat数据库表有命名为ID、USERNAME、CHATDATE和MSG的列。ID字段是自动递增字段,所以这个ID字段的赋值将自动递增。当前的日期和时间,会更新到CHATDATE列。
require_once('dbconnect.php'); db_connect(); $msg = $_GET["msg"]; $dt = date("Y-m-d H:i:s"); $user = $_GET["name"]; $sql="INSERT INTO chat(USERNAME,CHATDATE,MSG) " . "values(" . quote($user) . "," . quote($dt) . "," . quote($msg) . ");"; echo $sql; $result = mysql_query($sql); if(!$result) { throw new Exception('Query failed: ' . mysql_error()); exit(); }
为了接收来自数据库表中所有用户的聊天消息,timer函数被设置为循环5秒调用以下的JavaScript命令,即每隔5秒时间执行get_chat_msg函数。
var t = setInterval(function(){get_chat_msg()},5000);
get_chat_msg是一个基于Ajax的函数。它执行chat_recv_ajax.php程序以获得来自于数据库表的聊天信息。在 onreadystatechange属性中,另一个JavaScript 函数get_chat_msg_result被连接起来。在返回来自于数据库表中的聊天消息的同时,程序控制进入到 get_chat_msg_result函数。
// // General Ajax Call // var oxmlHttp; var oxmlHttpSend; function get_chat_msg() { if(typeof XMLHttpRequest != "undefined") { oxmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest(); } else if (window.ActiveXObject) { oxmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHttp"); } if(oxmlHttp == null) { alert("Browser does not support XML Http Request"); return; } oxmlHttp.onreadystatechange = get_chat_msg_result; oxmlHttp.open("GET","chat_recv_ajax.php",true); oxmlHttp.send(null); }
在chat_recv_ajax.php程序中,来自于用户的聊天消息会通过SQL select命令进行收集。为了限制行数,在SQL查询中还给出了限制子句(limit 200),即要求聊天数据库表中的最后200行。所获得的消息再返回给Ajax函数,用于在聊天窗口中显示内容。
require_once('dbconnect.php'); db_connect(); $sql = "SELECT *, date_format(chatdate,'%d-%m-%Y %r') as cdt from chat order by ID desc limit 200"; $sql = "SELECT * FROM (" . $sql . ") as ch order by ID"; $result = mysql_query($sql) or die('Query failed: ' . mysql_error()); // Update Row Information $msg=""; while ($line = mysql_fetch_array($result, MYSQL_ASSOC)) { $msg = $msg . "" . "" . ""; } $msg=$msg . "<table style="color: blue; font-family: verdana, arial; " . "font-size: 10pt;" border="0"> <tbody><tr><td>" . $line["cdt"] . " </td><td>" . $line["username"] . ": </td><td>" . $line["msg"] . "</td></tr></tbody></table>"; echo $msg; 数据准备就绪的同时,JavaScript函数会收集来自于PHP接收到的数据。这些数据将被安排置于DIV标签内。oxmlHttp.responseText会保留从PHP程序接收到的聊天消息,并复制到DIV标签的document.getElementById(“DIV_CHAT”).innerHTML属性。 function get_chat_msg_result(t) { if(oxmlHttp.readyState==4 || oxmlHttp.readyState=="complete") { if (document.getElementById("DIV_CHAT") != null) { document.getElementById("DIV_CHAT").innerHTML = oxmlHttp.responseText; oxmlHttp = null; } var scrollDiv = document.getElementById("DIV_CHAT"); scrollDiv.scrollTop = scrollDiv.scrollHeight; } }
下面的SQL CREATE TABLE命令可用于创建名为chat的数据库表。所有由用户输入的信息都会进入到数据库表中。
create table chat( id bigint AUTO_INCREMENT,username varchar(20),
chatdate datetime,msg varchar(500), primary key(id));
这段用于实现聊天应用程序的代码非常有意思,它可以改进成为一个完全成熟的HTTP聊天应用程序,创建该应用程序的逻辑也非常简单,即使是初学者理解起来也不会有任何困难,希望这篇文章对大家的学习有所帮助。

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