How to customize components in uniapp

With the rapid development of Internet cloud technology, a large number of front-end development tools have been born, which provides great convenience for front-end development. Among them, UniApp is undoubtedly one of the most influential cross-platform frameworks in recent years. As a cross-platform application framework for developing a variety of native applications, H5, applets, etc., it has been welcomed by more and more developers and enterprises.

In this article, we will delve into how to use UniApp custom components to make your application more personalized and easier to maintain.

1. Introduction to UniApp components

Components are a very important concept in the UniApp framework. It is a self-contained unit that encapsulates HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code, making it reusable and extensible. In UniApp, we can implement various desired functions by writing custom components, making our applications more flexible and easy to customize. For example, if we want to implement some complex UI interface or logical interaction, we can implement it through custom components. Therefore, learning to customize components is a very important step.

2. Create custom components

UniApp’s custom components need to follow certain specifications. The specific specifications are as follows:

1. Components must be defined in components In the directory, the component name must start with a lowercase letter, and multiple words are separated by hyphens (-). The
2. component consists of two files: a .vue file and a .json file. The
3. .vue file is a component template file. It must contain a <template> element, which renders the HTML structure of the component, and may also contain <script> and <style> elements , used to define the behavior and style of components.
4. .json The file is used to describe the properties, data and other information of the component. At the same time, it can also reference other components or plug-ins, etc.

Below, we will introduce in detail how to create a basic component through an example.

1. First, create a folder named my-component in the components directory of the project, and then create a ## under the folder #my-component.vue file and a my-component.json file.
In the
2. my-component.vue file, write the following basic code:

<template>
  <view class="my-component">
    <text>{{ message }}</text>
  </view>
</template>

<script>
  export default {
    data() {
      return {
        message: 'Hello, world!'
      }
    }
  }
</script>

<style>
  .my-component {
    background-color: #f5f5f5;
  }
</style>

Here, we define a simple component template, which contains A text element used to display a message. At the same time, we made some simple settings on the component's style.

Next, in the
3. my-component.json file, we define the component’s properties and life cycle methods, the code is as follows:

{
  "component": true,
  "usingComponents": {},
  "props": {},
  "data": {},
  "methods": {},
  "lifetimes": {},
  "pageLifetimes": {},
  "watch": {}
}

Here, we only declared the

component field to be true, and did not define other properties and life cycle methods. Because this is a relatively simple component, it does not require too many definitions.

Now, we have completed the creation of the custom component. We can use this component on other pages by introducing and registering the component in the page where it needs to be used.

3. Using custom components

Before using a custom component, we need to register the component to the page that needs to be used.

First, we need to register the component in the
1. usingComponents field of the page where we need to use the custom component. In this way, we can call the component in this page.

{
  "usingComponents": {
    "my-component": "/components/my-component/my-component"
  }
}

Here, we register

my-component as a path named /components/my-component/my-component.

Next, we just need to use the component in the page template.

2. <template>
     <view class="container">
       <my-component></my-component>
     </view>
   </template>
   
   <script>
     export default {
       data() {
         return {}
       }
     }
   </script>
   
   <style>
     .container {
       width: 100%;
       height: 100%;
     }
   </style>

Here, we call the custom component through the

tag. It should be noted here that the label name of the custom component must be the same as the component name, otherwise the component will not render properly.

4. Summary

Through the above steps, we have successfully created a simple custom component and called the component in the page. UniApp's custom component is a very powerful feature that can help us quickly implement various functions and improve the flexibility and customizability of the application.

Of course, there are many details that need to be paid attention to in the specific implementation of custom components. For example, how to handle component events, how to manage component data, etc. If you want to further learn and understand more about custom components, please refer to the UniApp documentation.

Finally, I hope this article can help beginners, and I hope everyone can give full play to their creativity and imagination when using the UniApp framework to create better applications.

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