What is the golang execution process?

Golang is an efficient, fast and reliable programming language. Its execution process is different from other languages, so you need to understand its execution process when learning Golang. This article will introduce the execution process of Golang.

First of all, Golang’s source code is written in plain text and has a .go extension. When writing code, you need to pay attention to the formatting and readability of the code, which helps improve the maintainability of the code.

After writing the code, it needs to be compiled into a binary file. Golang uses a compiler to compile source code into machine code. This process includes lexical analysis, syntax analysis, intermediate code generation and final code generation.

After compilation is completed, the generated binary file can be run directly. When run, Golang loads the binary and interprets it into executable machine code. The entire execution process can be divided into two stages: compilation and running.

Compilation phase

In the compilation phase, the Golang compiler compiles the source code into machine code. The specific process is as follows:

1. Lexical analysis

Lexical analysis is to decompose the source code into morphemes, that is, single statements and operators, etc. Golang uses a lexical analyzer to scan and break down code into its basic units of syntax. For example, decompose var x int into three lexical units: var, x, and int.

2. Grammar analysis

Grammar analysis is the combination of lexical units into semantic sentences or expressions. In the syntax analysis stage, the compiler combines all syntax units into the syntax structure of the Golang language.

3. Intermediate code generation

In the intermediate code generation phase, the compiler converts the source code into intermediate code. Intermediate code is an intermediate representation, usually in abstract machine language or something similar to assembly language.

4. Final code generation

Final code generation is the conversion of intermediate code into machine code for the target architecture. This process is sometimes called code optimization because the compiler attempts to optimize the code based on the target architecture and code characteristics.

Running phase

After compilation is completed, Golang will generate an executable binary file. This file can be run on any operating system that supports Golang. The execution flow of the running phase is as follows:

1. Load binary file

When the program is started, it loads and parses the binary file. During this process, the operating system allocates memory space for the program and reads the contents of the binary file into this space.

2. Interpreting machine code

Once the binary code is loaded into memory, the program interprets and executes the machine code. In this process, the program executes the program according to the logic of the code until the program ends or an error is encountered.

3. Exit the program

When the program ends, it will release the occupied memory space and exit. The operating system will reclaim all resources used by the program and return the program to the operating system.

Conclusion

The execution process of Golang involves two stages: compilation and running. During the compilation phase, Golang compiles the source code into machine code and attempts to optimize the code during the final code generation phase. During the run phase, the program loads machine code and interprets it into executable instructions, eventually exiting and returning resources. By understanding Golang's execution flow, program developers can better optimize and debug programs.

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