Explore Golang's method set

Golang is a very popular programming language developed by Google and launched in 2009. It enables high-performance network applications and distributed systems, and most importantly, it has very powerful library support, including a large set of methods. In this article, we will explore Golang’s method set and how you can use them to write better applications.

1. What is a method set?

In Golang, a method set refers to a collection of methods that are associated with a certain type. These methods can be ordinary methods, pointer methods, and inherited methods. A type's method set includes the set of all its declared methods. The rules for method sets are as follows:

1. A method set is an attribute of a type.
2. The method set of type T contains methods of all receivers T and *T.
3. If type T embeds other types, it will also inherit the method set of the embedded type.
4. If a type implements an interface, it will inherit the method set of the interface.

2. Benefits of using method sets

In Golang, method sets have many benefits. First of all, it can improve the reusability of code, because the method set is associated with the type, so when a new type inherits a certain type, it will also inherit the method set of that type, including the fields and methods in it. . Secondly, method sets make the code clearer and easier to understand. Finally, method sets can also greatly improve the efficiency of your code because they eliminate duplicate code.

3. Golang’s method set implementation

In Golang, the implementation of method set is very simple. Let's look at it with a small example. Suppose we have a structure Person, which contains two variables: name and age.

type Person struct {

Name string
Age int

}

Now, we need to define a method to print Person information. This method can be defined in the following way:

func (p Person) PrintInfo() {

fmt.Printf("Name: %s, Age: %d\n", p.Name, p.Age)

}

In this code, we use a method PrintInfo with a receiver of type Person to print Person information. In the definition of method set, the method set it contains is the method set of Person type.

Next, we define another structure Employee, which inherits the Name and Age variables from the Person structure. Then, we define a method PrintEmployeeInfo for printing Employee information.

type Employee struct {

Person
Salary int

}

func (e Employee) PrintEmployeeInfo() {

e.PrintInfo()
fmt.Printf("Salary: $%d\n", e.Salary)

}

In this example , we use the method set of the Person structure to define the method set of Employee. Therefore, all methods of Person type can be used in Employee.

4. Examples of method sets

In Golang, method sets are very flexible. Let’s take a look at a few examples.

Example 1: Inheritance of method set

In this example, we define a structure Animal and a structure Dog. Dog inherits two variables, Breed and Sex, from Animal, and defines a method Bark.

type Animal struct {

Breed string
Sex   string

}

func (a Animal) AnimalInfo() {

fmt.Printf("Breed: %s, Sex: %s\n", a.Breed, a.Sex)

}

type Dog struct {

Animal

}

func (d Dog) Bark() {

fmt.Println("Woof!")

}

In this example, we define an Animal type Method set, which contains the AnimalInfo method. Then a Bark method is defined in Dog. Because Dog inherits from Animal, it also contains the AnimalInfo method.

Example 2: Pointer method

In Golang, the difference between pointer methods and ordinary methods is that the receiver of the pointer method is a pointer to a structure, while the receiver of the ordinary method Is a structure instance. Below is an example.

type Square struct {

Length int

}

func (s *Square) Area() int {

return s.Length * s.Length

}

at In this example, we define a Square structure and an Area method in it, which uses a pointer as the receiver. This means that the Square instance must be converted to its pointer before using the Area method.

Example 3: Inherited methods

In this example, we define an interface Person, which only contains a PrintInfo method. Then, we define a structure User, which also implements the interface.

type Person interface {

PrintInfo()

}

type User struct {

Name string
Age  int

}

func (u User) PrintInfo() {

fmt.Printf("Name: %s, Age: %d\n", u.Name, u.Age)

}

In this example, we can see that the User structure contains a PrintInfo method to implement the method set of the Person interface. If we have a variable that is an interface of type Person, then we can use the PrintInfo method of the User structure to implement this method.

Finally, let me summarize. Method set is a very important concept in Golang, which can provide many benefits, including code reuse, code clarity and code efficiency. For people who want to learn Golang, mastering the method set is very necessary. By reading this article, I hope it can help beginners understand Golang's method set more deeply.

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