Discuss methods of authorization for Vue single-page applications

Vue is a front-end framework for developing single-page applications (SPA), which can help developers build efficient, smooth and interactive user experiences. However, authorization is also an important issue when developing Vue single-page applications, since only authorized users can access specific parts of the page. In this article, we will discuss methods of Vue single page application authorization.

1. Routing-based authorization

Vue’s routing function can authorize the page based on user roles and permissions every time the page is loaded. First, you need to configure routing in your Vue application. A route is a JavaScript object that contains the URL and components that define and match the route. You can use the navigation guard in the router to implement authorization.

Navigation guards are a set of hook functions used to handle routing. The beforeEach hook function can help you authorize the user before they navigate to a new route.

Suppose your Vue application has two user roles: normal user and administrator. Only administrators can access the admin page. You need to add an isAdmin attribute to your routing configuration.

const routes = [
  {
    path: '/user',
    component: UserComponent
  },
  {
    path: '/admin',
    component: AdminComponent,
    meta: { requiresAuth: true, isAdmin: true }
  },
  {
    path: '/login',
    component: LoginComponent
  }
];

In the above code, we set the meta.requiresAuth and meta.isAdmin properties. requiresAuth means that authentication is required to access, and isAdmin means that only administrators can access the page.

Now, add the beforeEach hook function in the Vue router to check if the user has the required roles and permissions.

router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {
  const currentUser = auth.currentUser
  const requiresAuth = to.matched.some(record => record.meta.requiresAuth)
  const isAdmin = to.matched.some(record => record.meta.isAdmin)
  
  if(requiresAuth && !currentUser) next('/login')
  else if(isAdmin && currentUser.role !== 'admin') next('/user')
  else next()
})

2. Component-based authorization

If you want to authorize in a Vue component, you can use Vue's life cycle hook functions, such as created and mounted.

The created hook function of the component can help you check user roles and permissions when the component is created.

created() {
  const currentUser = auth.currentUser
  const isAdmin = this.$route.meta.isAdmin
  
  if(isAdmin && currentUser.role !== 'admin') this.$router.push('/user')
}

In the above code, we checked the isAdmin attribute and the role of the current user when the component was created. If the user is not an administrator, it will automatically redirect to the user page.

The mounted function can help you check roles and permissions after the page rendering is completed.

mounted() {
  const currentUser = auth.currentUser
  const isAdmin = this.$route.meta.isAdmin
  
  if(isAdmin && currentUser.role !== 'admin') this.showAdminPanel = false
  else this.showAdminPanel = true
}

In the above code, we check the isAdmin attribute and the role of the current user after the page is rendered. If the user is not an administrator, the administrator panel will be hidden.

Summary

Implementing authorization in a Vue single-page application requires the use of routing functions and navigation guards. Route-based authorization lets you authorize a page every time it loads, while component-based authorization lets you authorize users after the page has finished rendering. No matter which authorization method you choose, you need to implement it with detailed consideration of the needs and characteristics of your current Vue application.

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