Example to explain how golang implements url forwarding

Today's Internet world has become more and more dependent on interface calls, and different data sources exist on different servers, so interface data often needs to be forwarded and processed. In this process, it is particularly important to choose a language that is efficient, stable, and easy to develop. As a highly concurrent and lightweight programming language, golang has outstanding performance in URL forwarding. Next, let's take a look at how golang forwards URLs.

1. golang http module

Golang’s http module is used to develop web applications, which can initiate and process http requests and responses. The most basic structures in this module are Handler and ServeHTTP, where Handler is an interface and ServeHTTP is a specific method. Here, what we need to understand is the client in the http module, that is, the http.Client structure.

http.Client is the client in the http module in golang, used to handle http requests. Among them, the most commonly used functions are Get, Post and Do methods.

2. Implementation of golang url forwarding

1. Use http.Redirect for forwarding

golang provides http.Redirect implementation route jump, the code is implemented as follows:

http.Redirect(w, r, "http://www.new.destination.url", http.StatusMovedPermanently)

Among them, w represents http.ResponseWriter, and r represents http.Request. Here, we redirect the request directly to "www.new.destination.url".

2. Use http proxy for forwarding

We can use http proxy server to forward requests. The following is the code for url forwarding using golang's http proxy server:

func proxyReq(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
    url, _ := url.Parse("http://www.new.destination.url")
    proxy := httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy(url)
    proxy.ServeHTTP(w, req)
}

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", proxyReq)
    err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatal("ListenAndServe: ", err)
    }
}

In this example, we use the httputil.NewSingleHostReverseProxy() function to create a reverse proxy. When the http request arrives, we forward it directly to new.destination.url and return the result of this url to the client.

3. Use golang’s own net/http/httptest for url forwarding

golang’s own net/http/httptest can be used to simulate http requests, and the request binding can be customized. Determine the method. The following is the code implementation using httptest:

func TestUrlForward(t *testing.T) {
    newDestUrl := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        res.Write([]byte("hello"))
    }))
    proxy := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(res http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
        tr := &http.Transport{
            DisableKeepAlives: true,
        }
        client := &http.Client{Transport: tr}
        req.URL.Host = newDestUrl.Listener.Addr().String()
        req.URL.Scheme = "http"
        res2, err := client.Do(req)
        if err != nil {
            t.Fatalf("%s", err)
        }
        defer res2.Body.Close()
        fmt.Println(res2.Status)
        str, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res2.Body)
        if err != nil {
            t.Fatalf("%s", err)
        }
        res.Write(str)
    }))
    defer proxy.Close()
    defer newDestUrl.Close()
}

Here, we use httptest to create two services, one of which is a proxy service that is directly forwarded to the target service newDestUrl, and the proxy service executes client.Do( on the request req) operation and then return the response to the client.

3. Advantages of golang url forwarding

1. Efficiency

Golang’s high concurrency can give it a very obvious advantage in url forwarding. Compared with other languages, Golang is better at handling high concurrent requests, so it can better meet various stress testing needs.

2. High service stability

Golang’s powerful types, memory management mechanism and garbage collection features can ensure the stability and security of the service. In addition, Golang's code is highly readable and has concise syntax, which can also help developers reduce error rates during the development process.

3. Easy to develop

Golang language has a relatively low learning curve, and its concise syntax structure and standard library can greatly simplify programming work. In addition, Golang also supports some convenient tools, such as automatically generating swagger documents.

4. Summary

This article mainly introduces the application of golang in url forwarding. We have discussed several different methods such as client, http proxy and httptest in golang http module, as well as golang It has the advantages of high efficiency, stability and ease of development in url forwarding. Therefore, in practical applications, golang can be selected as the development language for URL forwarding to improve the performance of the application system.

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