Details on how to set up multi-core processing in Golang

In high-concurrency applications, the use of multi-core processors is a very critical optimization point. Go language (Golang) comes with a very excellent concurrent programming mechanism, which can easily implement multi-core parallel processing. How to set up multi-core processing in Golang is detailed below.

1. Understand Golang’s concurrent programming mechanism

Golang’s concurrent programming mechanism is mainly implemented based on Goroutine and Channel. Goroutines are similar to threads, but are more lightweight than threads in implementation. Thousands of Goroutines can be easily opened without overburdening the system. Channel is a communication mechanism provided by Golang that can coordinate data transmission between Goroutines.

2. Use Golang's runtime package

Golang's runtime package provides some tool functions related to processes and threads, including functions for setting up the Golang runtime environment. For example, use the runtime.GOMAXPROCS() function to set the number of CPU cores used by a Golang application to a specified value. The default value of this function is 1, which means that only a single CPU core will be used. If set to 2, it means using a dual-core CPU to execute Golang programs, and so on.

3. Sample code

The following is a simple sample program that demonstrates how to use Golang's concurrent programming mechanism to achieve multi-core parallel processing.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
    "sync"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    // 设置使用CPU核心数量为2
    runtime.GOMAXPROCS(2)
    
    var wg sync.WaitGroup
    
    // 启动8个Goroutine，分别处理1~8的数字平方和
    for i := 1; i <= 8; i++ {
        wg.Add(1)
        go func(num int) {
            defer wg.Done()
            fmt.Printf("Goroutine %d start processing...\n", num)
            
            start := time.Now()
            sum := 0
            for j := 1; j <= 100000000; j++ {
                sum += j * j
            }
            
            fmt.Printf("Goroutine %d finished processing, sum is %d, elapsed time is %v\n", num, sum, time.Since(start))
        }(i)
    }
    
    wg.Wait()
    fmt.Println("All Goroutines finished processing")
}

After running the above example program, you can see that the Golang application uses 2 CPU cores, and 8 Goroutines are executed concurrently on these 2 CPU cores, speeding up the processing speed of the program. Of course, in actual applications, the number of CPU cores used should be adjusted according to the actual situation.

4. Summary

Golang provides a very excellent concurrent programming mechanism, which can easily achieve multi-core parallel processing. In actual applications, you can use the GOMAXPROCS() function in Golang's runtime package to set the number of CPU cores for Golang applications to optimize the processing performance of the program.

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