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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial深入浅析php中sprintf与printf函数的用法及区别_PHP

PHP sprintf() 函数

把百分号(%)符号替换成一个作为参数进行传递的变量:

<&#63;php
$number = 2;
$str = "Shanghai";
$txt = sprintf("There are %u million cars in %s.",$number,$str);
echo $txt;
&#63;>

定义和用法

sprintf() 函数把格式化的字符串写入变量中。

arg1、arg2、++ 参数将被插入到主字符串中的百分号(%)符号处。该函数是逐步执行的。在第一个 % 符号处,插入 arg1,在第二个 % 符号处,插入 arg2,依此类推。

注释:如果 % 符号多于 arg 参数,则您必须使用占位符。占位符位于 % 符号之后,由数字和 "\$" 组成。

语法

参数 描述
format

必需。规定字符串以及如何格式化其中的变量。

可能的格式值:

  • %% - 返回一个百分号 %
  • %b - 二进制数
  • %c - ASCII 值对应的字符
  • %d - 包含正负号的十进制数(负数、0、正数)
  • %e - 使用小写的科学计数法(例如 1.2e+2)
  • %E - 使用大写的科学计数法(例如 1.2E+2)
  • %u - 不包含正负号的十进制数(大于等于 0)
  • %f - 浮点数(本地设置)
  • %F - 浮点数(非本地设置)
  • %g - 较短的 %e 和 %f
  • %G - 较短的 %E 和 %f
  • %o - 八进制数
  • %s - 字符串
  • %x - 十六进制数(小写字母)
  • %X - 十六进制数(大写字母)

附加的格式值。必需放置在 % 和字母之间(例如 %.2f):

  • + (在数字前面加上 + 或 - 来定义数字的正负性。默认情况下,只有负数才做标记,正数不做标记)
  • ' (规定使用什么作为填充,默认是空格。它必须与宽度指定器一起使用。例如:%'x20s(使用 "x" 作为填充))
  • - (左调整变量值)
  • [0-9] (规定变量值的最小宽度)
  • .[0-9] (规定小数位数或最大字符串长度)

注释:如果使用多个上述的格式值,它们必须按照以上顺序使用。

arg1 必需。规定插到 format 字符串中第一个 % 符号处的参数。
arg2 可选。规定插到 format 字符串中第二个 % 符号处的参数。
arg++ 可选。规定插到 format 字符串中第三、四等 % 符号处的参数。

PHP printf() 函数

输出格式化的字符串:

<&#63;php
$number = 9;
$str = "北京";
printf("在%s有 %u 百万辆自行车。",$str,$number);
&#63;>

定义和用法

printf() 函数输出格式化的字符串。

语法

printf(format,arg1,arg2,arg++)

参数 描述
format

必需。规定字符串以及如何格式化其中的变量。

可能的格式值:

  • %% - 返回一个百分号 %
  • %b - 二进制数
  • %c - ASCII 值对应的字符
  • %d - 包含正负号的十进制数(负数、0、正数)
  • %e - 使用小写的科学计数法(例如 1.2e+2)
  • %E - 使用大写的科学计数法(例如 1.2E+2)
  • %u - 不包含正负号的十进制数(大于等于 0)
  • %f - 浮点数(本地设置)
  • %F - 浮点数(非本地设置)
  • %g - 较短的 %e 和 %f
  • %G - 较短的 %E 和 %f
  • %o - 八进制数
  • %s - 字符串
  • %x - 十六进制数(小写字母)
  • %X - 十六进制数(大写字母)

附加的格式值。必需放置在 % 和字母之间(例如 %.2f):

  • + (在数字前面加上 + 或 - 来定义数字的正负性。默认地,只有负数做标记,正数不做标记)
  • ' (规定使用什么作为填充,默认是空格。它必须与宽度指定器一起使用。)
  • - (左调整变量值)
  • [0-9] (规定变量值的最小宽度)
  • .[0-9] (规定小数位数或最大字符串长度)

注释:如果使用多个上述的格式值,它们必须按照上面的顺序进行使用,不能打乱。

arg1 必需。规定插到 format 字符串中第一个 % 符号处的参数。
arg2 必需。规定插到 format 字符串中第二个 % 符号处的参数。
arg++ 可选。规定插到 format 字符串中第三、四等等 % 符号处的参数。

下面是一个示例:四舍五入保留小数点后两位

<&#63;php
$num1 = 21;
echo sprintf("%0.2f",$num1)."<br />"; //输出 21.00
$num2 = 16.3287;
echo sprintf("%0.2f",$num2)."<br />"; //输出 16.33
$num3 = 32.12329;
echo sprintf("%0.2f",$num3)."<br />"; //输出 32.12 
&#63;> 

解释下 %0.2f 的含义:

% 表示起始字符
0 表示空位用0填满
2 表示小数点后必须占两位
f 表示转换成浮点数

转换字符

=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-

% 印出百分比符号,不转换。
b 整数转成二进位。
c 整数转成对应的 ASCII 字元。
d 整数转成十进位。
f 倍精确度数字转成浮点数。
o 整数转成八进位。
s 整数转成字串。
x 整数转成小写十六进位。
X 整数转成大写十六进位。

printf与sprintf的区别

1. printf函数:

int printf ( string format [, mixed args [, mixed ...]] )
Produces output according to format , which is described in the documentation for sprintf() .
Returns the length of the outputted string.

把文字格式化以后输出,如:

$name="hunte"; 
$age=25; 
printf("my name is %s, age %d", $name, $age); 

2. sprintf函数:

string sprintf ( string format [, mixed args [, mixed ...]] )
Returns a string produced according to the formatting string format .

跟printf相似,但不打印,而是返回格式化后的文字,其他的与printf一样。

3. print函数:

是函数,可以返回一个值,只能有一个参数。

int print ( string arg )
Outputs arg . Returns 1 , always.

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