Let’s talk about how to escape SQL statements in golang

When using SQL in Golang, it is sometimes necessary to escape input data to prevent SQL injection attacks. SQL injection attacks refer to hackers constructing malicious SQL statements to perform unauthorized operations, such as deleting databases, tampering with data, etc. In order to prevent this attack, we need to escape the data entered by the user to ensure that the entered data does not contain any illegal characters.

Golang provides some built-in functions that can be used to escape SQL statements. The most commonly used one is the db.QueryEscape() function. This function takes a string argument and returns an escaped string.

The following is a sample code using the db.QueryEscape() function:

import "database/sql"
import _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"

func main() {
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", "user:password@/dbname")
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }
    defer db.Close()

    var name string
    inputName := "Robert'; DROP TABLE students;--"
    err = db.QueryRow("SELECT name FROM students WHERE name=?", db.QueryEscape(inputName)).Scan(&name)
    if err != nil {
        panic(err.Error())
    }

    fmt.Printf("The name is %s\n", name)
}

The above example queries the name in the students table for Robert'; DROP TABLE students;-- students, this name contains a malicious SQL statement. If the input data is not escaped, the DROP TABLE statement will be executed and the entire table will be deleted. However, since we use the db.QueryEscape() function to escape, SQL injection attacks will not occur.

In addition to the db.QueryEscape() function, there are some other escape functions, such as db.Query(fmt.Sprintf("SELECT name FROM students WHERE name ='%s'", strings.Replace(inputName, "'", "''", -1))), you can also escape SQL statements. However, this method is cumbersome and error-prone.

In short, whether you use the built-in escape function or manual escape, make sure that the input data is safe. Because if there are security holes in the input data, even if escaping is used, it will leave opportunities for hackers.

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