Discuss the implementation of string types in Golang

Golang is a strongly typed programming language. Unlike other programming languages, its string (string) type is an immutable byte sequence, that is, once a string is created, it cannot be modified. content. In this article, we will explore how string types are implemented in Golang.

Definition of string type

In Golang, the string type is defined as follows:

type string string

As you can see, in Golang, the string type is defined as a character String literal. A string literal is a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes, such as:

"hello world"

Implementation of string type

In Golang, the underlying implementation of the string type is a byte array with a length of The length of the string. Because strings are immutable, when you need to modify a string, you actually create a new string to replace the original string instead of modifying the original string content.

Let’s take a look at how the string type is implemented.

String type structure

In Golang, the string type is actually a structure, which contains two fields:

type stringStruct struct {
    str unsafe.Pointer
    len int
}

Among them, the str field is A pointer points to an array of byte type, which stores the contents of the string; the len field is an integer of type int, indicating the length of the string.

String type conversion

In Golang, the string type can be converted to a byte array. A string can be converted into a byte array through the following code:

s := "hello world"
b := []byte(s)

Similarly, a byte array can also be converted into a string:

b := []byte{104, 101, 108, 108, 111, 32, 119, 111, 114, 108, 100}
s := string(b)

String type traversal

In Golang, you can traverse a string through range loop. The following code demonstrates how to traverse a string:

s := "hello world"
for i, c := range s {
    fmt.Printf("index: %d, char: %c\n", i, c)
}

String type comparison

In Golang, you can use the == or != operator to compare whether two strings are equal. Two strings are considered equal if they are identical in content and length. The following code demonstrates how to compare two strings:

s1 := "hello world"
s2 := "hello world"
if s1 == s2 {
    fmt.Println("s1 equals s2")
}

Splicing of string types

In Golang, you can use the operator to splice two strings together. The following code demonstrates how to splice two strings:

s1 := "hello"
s2 := "world"
s := s1 + " " + s2

String type interception

In Golang, you can use slice to intercept part of a string. The following code demonstrates how to intercept part of a string:

s := "hello world"
substr := s[0:5] //截取 "hello"

String type replacement

In Golang, you can use the Replace method in the strings package to replace part of a string content. The following code demonstrates how to replace part of a string:

s := "hello world"
s = strings.Replace(s, "world", "golang", -1) //替换 "world" 为 "golang"

Summary

This article briefly introduces the definition and implementation of the string type in Golang. In Golang, the string type is immutable and its underlying implementation is a byte array. By converting to a byte array, operations such as string splicing, interception, and replacement can be easily performed. Understanding the implementation of string types can better understand the use of string types in Golang.

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