PHP的错误机制也是非常复杂的,做了几年php,也没有仔细总结过,现在就补上这一课。
特别说明:文章的PHP版本使用5.5.32
PHP的错误级别
首先需要了解php有哪些错误。截至到php5.5,一共有16个错误级别
注意:尝试下面的代码的时候请确保打开error_log:
error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set('display_errors', 'On');
E_ERROR
这种错误是致命错误,会在页面显示Fatal Error, 当出现这种错误的时候,程序就无法继续执行下去了
错误示例:
// Fatal error: Call to undefined function hpinfo() in /tmp/php/index.php on line 5 hpinfo(); //E_ERROR
注意,如果有未被捕获的异常,也是会触发这个级别的。
// Fatal error: Uncaught exception 'Exception' with message 'test exception' in /tmp/php/index.php:5 Stack trace: #0 {main} thrown in /tmp/php/index.php on line 5 throw new \Exception("test exception");
E_WARNING
这种错误只是警告,不会终止脚本,程序还会继续进行,显示的错误信息是Warning。比如include一个不存在的文件。
//Warning: include(a.php): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in /tmp/php/index.php on line 7 //Warning: include(): Failed opening 'a.php' for inclusion (include_path='.:/usr/share/pear:/usr/share/php') in /tmp/php/index.php on line 7 include("a.php"); //E_WARNING
E_NOTICE
这种错误程度更为轻微一些,提示你这个地方不应该这么写。这个也是运行时错误,这个错误的代码可能在其他地方没有问题,只是在当前上下文情况下出现了问题。
比如$b变量不存在,我们把它赋值给另外一个变量
//Notice: Undefined variable: b in /tmp/php/index.php on line 9 $a = $b; //E_NOTICE
E_PARSE
这个错误是编译时候发生的,在编译期发现语法错误,不能进行语法分析。
比如下面的z没有设置为变量。
// Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '=' in /tmp/php/index.php on line 20 z=1; // E_PARSE
E_STRICT
这个错误是PHP5之后引入的,你的代码可以运行,但是不是PHP建议的写法。
比如在函数形参传递++符号
// Strict Standards: Only variables should be passed by reference in /tmp/php/index.php on line 17 function change (&$var) { $var += 10; } $var = 1; change(++$var); // E_STRICT
E_RECOVERABLE_ERROR
这个级别其实是ERROR级别的,但是它是期望被捕获的,如果没有被错误处理捕获,表现和E_ERROR是一样的。
经常出现在形参定义了类型,但调用的时候传入了错误类型。它的错误提醒也比E_ERROR的fatal error前面多了一个Catachable的字样。
//Catchable fatal error: Argument 1 passed to testCall() must be an instance of A, instance of B given, called in /tmp/php/index.php on line 37 and defined in /tmp/php/index.php on line 33 class A { } class B { } function testCall(A $a) { } $b = new B(); testCall($b);
E_DEPRECATED
这个错误表示你用了一个旧版本的函数,而这个函数后期版本可能被禁用或者不维护了。
比如curl的CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS使用\@FILENAME来上传文件的方法
// Deprecated: curl_setopt(): The usage of the @filename API for file uploading is deprecated. Please use the CURLFile class instead in /tmp/php/index.php on line 42 $ch = curl_init("http://www.remotesite.com/upload.php"); curl_setopt($ch, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, array('fileupload' => '@'. "test"));
E_CORE_ERROR, E_CORE_WARNING
这两个错误是由PHP的引擎产生的,在PHP初始化过程中发生。
E_COMPILE_ERROR, E_COMPILE_WARNING
这两个错误是由PHP引擎产生的,在编译过程中发生。
E_USER_ERROR, E_USER_WARNING, E_USER_NOTICE, E_USER_DEPRECATED,
这些错误都是用户制造的,使用trigger_error,这里就相当于一个口子给用户触发出各种错误类型。这个是一个很好逃避try catch异常的方式。
trigger_error("Cannot divide by zero", E_USER_ERROR); // E_USER_ERROR // E_USER_WARING // E_USER_NOTICE // E_USER_DEPRECATED
E_ALL
E_STRICT出外的所有错误和警告信息。
错误控制
php中有很多配置和参数是可以控制错误,以及错误的日志显示的。第一步,我们需要了解的是php中的有关错误的配置有哪些?
我们按照php+php-fpm的模型来说,会影响php错误显示的其实是有两个配置文件,一个是php本身的配置文件php.ini,另外一个是php-fpm的配置文件,php-fpm.conf。
php.ini中的配置
error_reporting = E_ALL // 报告错误级别,什么级别的 error_log = /tmp/php_errors.log // php中的错误显示的日志位置 display_errors = On // 是否把错误展示在输出上,这个输出可能是页面,也可能是stdout display_startup_errors = On // 是否把启动过程的错误信息显示在页面上,记得上面说的有几个Core类型的错误是启动时候发生的,这个就是控制这些错误是否显示页面的。 log_errors = On // 是否要记录错误日志 log_errors_max_len = 1024 // 错误日志的最大长度 ignore_repeated_errors = Off // 是否忽略重复的错误 track_errors = Off // 是否使用全局变量$php_errormsg来记录最后一个错误 xmlrpc_errors = 0 //是否使用XML-RPC的错误信息格式记录错误 xmlrpc_error_number = 0 // 用作 XML-RPC faultCode 元素的值。 html_errors = On // 是否把输出中的函数等信息变为HTML链接 docref_root = http://manual/en/ // 如果html_errors开启了,这个链接的根路径是什么 fastcgi.logging = 0 // 是否把php错误抛出到fastcgi中
我们经常会被问到,error_reporting和display_errors有什么区别呢?这两个函数是完全不一样的。
PHP默认是会在日志和标准输出(如果是fpm模式标准输出就是页面)
error_reporting的参数是错误级别。表示什么样子的级别才应该触发错误。如果我们告诉PHP,所有错误级别都不需要触发错误,那么,不管是日志,还是页面,都不会显示这个错误,就相当于什么都没有发生。
display_errors是控制是否要在标准输出展示错误信息
log_errors则是控制是否要在日志中记录错误信息。
error_log是显示错误日志的位置,这个在php-fpm中往往会被重写,于是往往会发现的是cli和fpm的错误日志竟然不是在同一个文件中。
ignore_repeated_errors这个标记控制的是如果有重复的日志,那么就只会记录一条,比如下面的程序:
error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set('ignore_repeated_errors', 1); ini_set('ignore_repeated_source', 1); $a = $c; $a = $c; //E_NOTICE //Notice: Undefined variable: c in /tmp/php/index.php on line 20
本来会出现两次NOTICE的,但是现在,只会出现一次了...
track_errors开启会把最后一个错误信息存储到变量里面去,这个可能在对记日志的时候会有一些用处吧。不过我觉得真是没啥用...
html_errors 和 docref_root 两个是个挺有人性化的配置,配置了这两个参数以后,我们返回的错误信息中如果有一些在文档中有的信息,就会变成链接形式。
error_reporting(E_ALL); ini_set('html_errors', 1); ini_set('docref_root', "https://secure.php.net/manual/zh/"); include("a2.php"); //E_WARNING
页面显示:
能让你快速定位到我们出现错误的地方。是不是很人性~
php-fpm中的配置
error_log = /var/log/php-fpm/error.log // php-fpm自身的日志 log_level = notice // php-fpm自身的日志记录级别 php_flag[display_errors] = off // 覆盖php.ini中的某个配置变量,可被程序中的ini_set覆盖 php_value[display_errors] = off // 同php_flag php_admin_value[error_log] = /tmp/www-error.log // 覆盖php.ini中的某个配置变量,不可被程序中的ini_set覆盖 php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on // 同php_admin_value catch_workers_output = yes // 是否抓取fpmworker的输出 request_slowlog_timeout = 0 // 慢日志时长 slowlog = /var/log/php-fpm/www-slow.log // 慢日志记录
php-fpm的配置中也有一个error_log配置,这个很经常会和php.ini中的error_log配置弄混。但他们记录的东西是不一样的,
php-fpm的error_log只记录php-fpm本身的日志,比如fpm启动,关闭。
而php.ini中的error_log是记录php程序本身的错误日志。
那么在php-fpm中要覆盖php.ini中的error_log配置,就需要使用到下面几个函数:
•php_flag
•php_value
•php_admin_flag
•php_admin_value
这四个函数admin的两个函数说明这个变量设置完之后,不能在代码中使用ini_set把这个变量重新赋值了。而php_flag/value就仍然以php代码中的ini_set为准。
slowlog是fpm记录的,可以使用request_slowlog_timeout设置判断慢日志的时长。
总结
我们经常弄混的就是日志问题,以及某些级别的日志为何没有记录到日志中。最主要的是要看error_log,display_errors, log_errors这三个配置,只是在看配置的时候,我们还要注意区分php.ini里面的配置是什么,php-fpm.ini里面的配置是什么。
好吧,我觉得弄懂这些配置,基本就没有php日志记录不了的WTF的问题了。
关于PHP错误机制知识汇总小编就给大家介绍到这里,希望对大家有所帮助!

PHP is a server-side scripting language used for dynamic web development and server-side applications. 1.PHP is an interpreted language that does not require compilation and is suitable for rapid development. 2. PHP code is embedded in HTML, making it easy to develop web pages. 3. PHP processes server-side logic, generates HTML output, and supports user interaction and data processing. 4. PHP can interact with the database, process form submission, and execute server-side tasks.

PHP has shaped the network over the past few decades and will continue to play an important role in web development. 1) PHP originated in 1994 and has become the first choice for developers due to its ease of use and seamless integration with MySQL. 2) Its core functions include generating dynamic content and integrating with the database, allowing the website to be updated in real time and displayed in personalized manner. 3) The wide application and ecosystem of PHP have driven its long-term impact, but it also faces version updates and security challenges. 4) Performance improvements in recent years, such as the release of PHP7, enable it to compete with modern languages. 5) In the future, PHP needs to deal with new challenges such as containerization and microservices, but its flexibility and active community make it adaptable.

The core benefits of PHP include ease of learning, strong web development support, rich libraries and frameworks, high performance and scalability, cross-platform compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. 1) Easy to learn and use, suitable for beginners; 2) Good integration with web servers and supports multiple databases; 3) Have powerful frameworks such as Laravel; 4) High performance can be achieved through optimization; 5) Support multiple operating systems; 6) Open source to reduce development costs.

PHP is not dead. 1) The PHP community actively solves performance and security issues, and PHP7.x improves performance. 2) PHP is suitable for modern web development and is widely used in large websites. 3) PHP is easy to learn and the server performs well, but the type system is not as strict as static languages. 4) PHP is still important in the fields of content management and e-commerce, and the ecosystem continues to evolve. 5) Optimize performance through OPcache and APC, and use OOP and design patterns to improve code quality.

PHP and Python have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the choice depends on the project requirements. 1) PHP is suitable for web development, easy to learn, rich community resources, but the syntax is not modern enough, and performance and security need to be paid attention to. 2) Python is suitable for data science and machine learning, with concise syntax and easy to learn, but there are bottlenecks in execution speed and memory management.

PHP is used to build dynamic websites, and its core functions include: 1. Generate dynamic content and generate web pages in real time by connecting with the database; 2. Process user interaction and form submissions, verify inputs and respond to operations; 3. Manage sessions and user authentication to provide a personalized experience; 4. Optimize performance and follow best practices to improve website efficiency and security.

PHP uses MySQLi and PDO extensions to interact in database operations and server-side logic processing, and processes server-side logic through functions such as session management. 1) Use MySQLi or PDO to connect to the database and execute SQL queries. 2) Handle HTTP requests and user status through session management and other functions. 3) Use transactions to ensure the atomicity of database operations. 4) Prevent SQL injection, use exception handling and closing connections for debugging. 5) Optimize performance through indexing and cache, write highly readable code and perform error handling.

Using preprocessing statements and PDO in PHP can effectively prevent SQL injection attacks. 1) Use PDO to connect to the database and set the error mode. 2) Create preprocessing statements through the prepare method and pass data using placeholders and execute methods. 3) Process query results and ensure the security and performance of the code.


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