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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialPHP的Laravel框架结合MySQL与Redis数据库的使用部署_PHP

相对于熟读官方文档,更重要的是要把框架环境搭起来。
零、环境介绍

  • 操作系统:centOS
  • 数据库: mysql 5.6 (阿里云RDS)
  • PHP 5.4.4 (>=5.4即可)
  • Laravel 5.0

一、安装LNMP
在安装Laravel之前,需要把Linux + Nginx + Mysql + Php的环境搭建好。具体的搭建步骤这里就不再详述了。
P.S.

  • Linux阿里云已经自带了,本文使用的是centOS 6.5 64位的ECS
  • 关于Nginx和Apache的选择看自己喜好,本文使用的是反向代理能手Nginx
  • 是否安装Mysql也要看自己的情况,例如你使用阿里云的RDS,那就没必要安装了

二、安装Composer
composer是用来管理PHP包依赖的工具,Laravel正使用此工具进来依赖管理。有两种安装方式

局部安装
全局安装,即在系统任意目录下可使用。本文只介绍此种安装方法。官方安装文档

分别执行以下两条命令

curl -sS https://getcomposer.org/installer | php
mv composer.phar /usr/local/bin/composer

安装完成,使用以下命令看是否安装成功

composer -V

出现版本号,即说明安装成功

三、安装Laravel
按照Laravel的官方文档说明即可,建议使用【通过Laravel安装工具】,没什么坑,这里略过
提示:由于Laravel还依赖于一些的PHP扩展,所以使用yum安装

sudo install yum php-mysql php-mcrypt php-mbstring php-tokenizer php-openssl

安装完成后,在Nginx的配置文件(一般是/etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf)最下方添加如下配置

location / {
  try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}

来到你的laravel工程目录下,看到storage和vendor文件夹,使用以下命令修改其文件读写权限,让Nginx用户能读写它

sudo chmod -R 766 storage
sudo chmod -R 766 vendor

四、让MVC跑起来!
在此之前,你应该读一下官方文档 路由、控制器、数据库使用基础、Eloquent ORM
至此,可以开始coding,开发一个 MVC的demo了,此demo的功能是将数据库表tbl_item从数据库里读出来,并以json格式响应给浏览器。
假设你已经通过laravel new demo来初始化你的web app。

  • 数据库里建库(demo)、建表(tbl_item),(字段随意定)
  • 配置配置文件 config/database.php
  • 直接操作数据库,往tbl_item里插入一条数据
  • 开始coding

demo/app/http/routes.php底部添加如下代码:

Route::get('/item/{id}', 'ItemController@showItem');

demo/app/http/controllers/ 目录新添文件 ItemController.php,代码如下:

<&#63;php namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\Item as Item;

class ItemController extends Controller {

  private $model;

  public function __construct()
  {
    $this->model = new Item();
  }

  public function showItem($id)
  {
    $users = $this->model->fetchAll();
    echo json_encode($users);
    Log::info('获取用户列表,通过msyql');
  }
}

demo/app/目录下新增文件 Item.php 代码如下

<&#63;php namespace App;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;

class Item extends Model {

  protected $fillable = ['name', 'price'];
  protected $guarded = ['id'];

  /**
   * The database table used by the model.
   * default: tbl_items
   * @var string
   */
  // protected $table = 'tbl_items';

  public function fetchAll(){
    $items = $this->all()->toJson();
    return $items;
  }
}

使用浏览器访问http://yourIp/item/1,即可列出所有的item数据

五、Laravel结合Redis
直连DB是不够的,很快数据库访问就会成为系统的瓶颈。我们引入缓存Redis。还是一样的思路,先让系统跑起来。
1、安装启动Redis

安装

$ wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-3.0.1.tar.gz
$ tar xzf redis-3.0.1.tar.gz
$ cd redis-3.0.1
$ make

启动

$ src/redis-server

查看官方下载和安装文档,只需要几个命令即可


2、安装PHP PRedis
PRedis是PHP访问redis的扩展包,只需要下载原码即可,不需要安装PHP扩展(如php-redis.so)。但在这之前要介绍一个composer,因为laravel通过它来安装第三方程序包(管理依赖关系)。

cd 到你的App所在路径,修改composer.json,在require字段里,添加"predis/predis":"~1.0.1",然后当前目录下 sudo composer update,此时就会自动下载包需要的扩展包,这些扩展包将会被放在vendor目录下。如果出现内存不够这些报错,现在看来是内存分配不够的原因,重启一下服务器即可,彻底解决的办法要修改服务器配置,但我不清楚改哪里,后续再补

配置相关配置,查看官方文档即可。主要是配置config/database.php

'redis' => array(
  'cluster' => false,
  'default' => array('host' => '127.0.0.1', 'port' => 6379)
)


3、coding

<&#63;php namespace App\Http\Controllers;

use Illuminate\Http\Request;
use App\User as User;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Redis as Redis;

class UserController extends Controller {

  // use User;

  private $model;
  /**
   * Create a new controller instance.
   *
   * @return void
   */
  public function __construct()
  {
    $this->model = new User();
  }

  /**
   * Show 
   *
   * @return Response
   */
  public function showUser($id)
  {
    $redis = Redis::connection('default');
    $cacheUsers = $redis->get('userList');

    if( $cacheUsers ){
      $users = $cacheUsers;
      print_r($users);
      Log::info('获取用户列表,通过redis');
    }else{
      $users = $this->model->fetchAll();
      $redis->set('userList', $users);
      print_r($users);
      Log::info('获取用户列表,通过msyql');
    }
  }
}

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