What are the syntax and features of Golang?

Golang, also known as the Go language, is a compiled, statically typed, concurrent programming language developed by Google. This language has the characteristics of efficient garbage collection mechanism and relatively high development efficiency, making it widely used in many fields in recent years.

So, what are the syntax and features of Golang? How to implement concurrent programming in Golang? The following article will introduce in detail the basic syntax of Golang and the implementation of concurrent programming.

1. Golang basic syntax

1. Variable definition and use

In Golang, variables are defined and used in the following ways:

(1) Define variables and initialize:

Var a Int = 10
Var B String = "Hello World"
C: = 20 // equivalent ## (2) Multiple variables defined at the same time:

var a, b, c int = 1, 2, 3

(3) Global variable declaration:

var (

x int = 1

y string = "hello world"
)

2. Function definition and calling

Golang’s function definition and calling are very simple. Definition The function method is as follows:

func functionName(param1 type1, param2 type2) returnType {

// function body
return ret

}

where functionName is the function name, param1 and param2 are the parameter name and param2 respectively. Parameter type, returnType is the return value type. Just write the function name directly when calling the function.

3. Flow control statements

Golang’s flow control statements mainly include if, for and switch.

(1) if statement:

if condition {

// do something

} else {
// do something else
}

(2) for statement:

for initialization; condition; increment {

// do something

}

(3) switch statement:

switch var1 {

case val1:

  // do something

case val2:

  // do something else

default:

  // do something else

}

4.Pointer type

The use of pointer types in Golang is similar to that in C language. The & symbol is used to obtain the address, and the * symbol is used to obtain the value pointed by the pointer.

2. Concurrent programming implementation

Golang is a programming language that supports concurrent programming. It provides some native components to implement concurrent programming, such as Goroutines and Channels. The usage of these components will be introduced below.

1.Goroutines

Goroutine is a lightweight thread in Golang. It can perform multiple tasks at the same time in a program, and its creation and destruction are very convenient.

In Golang, you can create a new Goroutine by using the go keyword, like this:

func printNumber(number int) {

fmt.Printf("%d \n", number)

}

for i:=0;i<10;i {

go printNumber(i) // Create Goroutine and execute printNumber function

}

2.Channels

Channel is a mechanism in Golang for communication between multiple Goroutines. It can be used for data transfer and synchronization.

The following example code demonstrates how to pass data between two Goroutines:

func main() {

myChannel := make(chan int) // Create a channel

// Create a Goroutine to write data to the channel

go func() {

myChannel <- 1

}()

// Read data from the channel

result := <-myChannel

fmt.Println(result)
}

In the above code, a channel is created for communication, and then a Goroutine is created to write data 1 to the channel , another Goroutine reads data from the channel and outputs the results.

Summary

Golang is a programming language that supports concurrent programming and has the characteristics of efficient garbage collection mechanism and relatively high development efficiency. This article briefly introduces the basic syntax of Golang and the implementation of concurrent programming, hoping to be helpful to beginners.

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