mysql ft refers to FullText, that is, full-text index; full-text index is to solve queries that need to be based on similarity, rather than precise numerical comparison; full-text index can be N times faster than like in the face of a large amount of data. Speed is not an order of magnitude.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, mysql8 version, Dell G3 computer.
What is mysql ft?
That is, full-text index (FullText).
MySQL full-text index (FullText)
Full-text index is to solve the need to be based on similarity queries rather than exact numerical comparisons.
Although fuzzy matching can also be achieved using like %
, it is unimaginable for retrieval of large amounts of text data. In the face of a large amount of data, full-text indexing can be N times faster than like
, but the speed is not an order of magnitude.
MySQL 5.6
In previous versions, only MyISAM
storage engine supports full-text indexMySQL 5.6
and later versions, MyISAM
and InnoDB
storage engines support full-text index MySQL 5.7.6
, Provides a built-in full-text ngram parser
that supports Chinese, Japanese, and Korean (CJK), as well as an installable MeCab
full-text parser plug-in for JapaneseInnoDB
or MyISAM
tables, and can only be created# for CHAR
, VARCHAR
, TEXT
columns Although Chinese full-text retrieval is also supported, there are BUG
Inconsistency
SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'ft%';
Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ft_max_word_len | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
##ft_min_word_len | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ft_query_expansion_limit | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ft_stopword_file | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全文索引的相关参数都无法进行动态修改,必须通过修改 MySQL 的配置文件来完成。修改最小搜索长度的值为 1,首先打开 MySQL 的配置文件 /etc/my.cnf,在 [mysqld] 的下面追加以下内容: [mysqld] innodb_ft_min_token_size = 1 # 最短的索引字符串,默认值为4 ft_min_word_len = 1 配置完后重启 MySQL 服务器,并修复或重建全文索引方可生效。 repair table test quick; 2.2 创建索引
CREATE TABLE fulltext_test ( id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, content TEXT NOT NULL, tag VARCHAR(255), PRIMARY KEY (id), FULLTEXT KEY content_tag_fulltext(content, tag) WITH PARSER ngram ) ENGINE = InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;
CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX content_fulltext ON fulltext_test(content) with parser ngram;
ALTER TABLE fulltext_test ADD FULLTEXT INDEX content_fulltext(content) with parser ngram; 2.3 删除索引
DROP INDEX content_fulltext ON fulltext_test;
ALTER TABLE fulltext_test DROP INDEX content_fulltext; 三、检索数据3.1 自然语言的全文检索默认情况下,或者使用 in natural language mode 修饰符时,match() 函数对文本集合执行自然语言搜索。 SELECT * FROM 表名 WHERE Match(列名1,列名2) Against (检索内容1 检索内容2); 检索内容不需要用逗号隔开! 自然语言搜索引擎将计算每一个文档对象和查询的相关度。这里,相关度是基于匹配的关键词的个数,以及关键词在文档中出现的次数。在整个索引中出现次数越少的词语,匹配时的相关度就越高。相反,非常常见的单词将不会被搜索,如果一个词语的在超过 50% 的记录中都出现了,那么自然语言的搜索将不会搜索这类词语。 3.2 布尔全文检索在布尔搜索中,我们可以在查询中自定义某个被搜索的词语的相关性,当编写一个布尔搜索查询时,可以通过一些前缀修饰符来定制搜索。
+aaa +(>bbb <ccc) aaa="aaa" sql="sql" select="select" from="from" test="test" where="where" match="match" against="against" in="in" boolean="boolean" mode="mode" select="select" from="from" tommy="tommy" where="where" match="match" against="against" in="in" boolean="boolean" mode="mode" select="select" from="from" tommy="tommy" where="where" match="match" against="against">李秀琴 <练习册 <不是人>是个鬼' in boolean mode);<h2 id="四测试结果">四、测试结果</h2> <p><strong>测试环境</strong>:本机4核16G Windows10,MySQL 8.0<br><strong>测试数据量</strong>:<code>salebilldetail</code> 表 <code>1276</code>万行,<code>salebill</code> 表 <code>269</code> 万行, <code>customer</code> 表 <code>30</code> 万行, <code>goods</code> 表 <code>75</code> 万行。</p> <p>争对测试用的SQL语句,增加了以下全文索引:</p> <pre class="brush:php;toolbar:false">CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX billno_fulltext ON salebill(billno) WITH PARSER ngram; CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX remarks_fulltext ON salebill(remarks) WITH PARSER ngram; CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX remarks_fulltext ON salebilldetail(remarks) WITH PARSER ngram; CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX goodsremarks_fulltext ON salebilldetail(goodsremarks) WITH PARSER ngram; CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX remarks_goodsremarks_fulltext ON salebilldetail(remarks, goodsremarks) WITH PARSER ngram; CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX custname_fulltext ON customer(custname) WITH PARSER ngram; CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX goodsname_fulltext ON goods(goodsname) WITH PARSER ngram; CREATE FULLTEXT INDEX goodscode_fulltext ON goods(goodscode) WITH PARSER ngram; 测试结果,总的来说很魔幻。 test_1-- 测试1,原始 like 查询方式,用时 0.765s select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and ((d.remarks like concat('%','葡萄','%')) or (d.goodsremarks like concat('%','葡萄','%'))); test_2-- 测试2,使用全文索引 remarks_fulltext、goodsremarks_fulltext, 用时 0.834s select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and ((match(d.remarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)) or (match(d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode))); test_3-- 测试3,使用全文索引 remarks_goodsremarks_fulltext, 用时 0.242s select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and ((match(d.remarks,d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode))); test_4-- 测试4,原始 like 查询方式,不过滤 tid ,用时 22.654s select t from salebilldetail d where ((d.remarks like concat('%','葡萄','%')) or (d.goodsremarks like concat('%','葡萄','%'))); test_5-- 测试5,使用全文索引 remarks_fulltext、goodsremarks_fulltext, 不过滤 tid ,用时 24.855s select 1 from salebilldetail d where ((match(d.remarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)) or (match(d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode))); test_6-- 测试6,使用全文索引 remarks_goodsremarks_fulltext, 不过滤 tid ,用时 0.213s select 1 from salebilldetail d where ((match(d.remarks,d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode))); test_7-- 测试7,使用全文索引 remarks_goodsremarks_fulltext, 用时 0.22s select count(1) from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and ((match(d.remarks,d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode))); test_8-- 测试8,使用全文索引 remarks_goodsremarks_fulltext, 不过滤 tid ,用时 0.007s select count(1) from salebilldetail d where ((match(d.remarks,d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode))); 从上面的测试语句可以看出,数据量越多,查询越简单,全文索引的效果越好。 再来看看我们的业务测试SQL: test_9-- 测试9 select i.billid ,if(0,0,i.qty) as qty ,if(0,0,i.goodstotal) as total ,if(0,0,i.chktotal) as selfchktotal ,if(0,0,i.distotal) as distotal ,if(0,0,i.otherpay) as feetotal ,if(0,0,ifnull(d.costtotal,0)) as costtotal ,if(0,0,ifnull(d.maoli,0)) as maoli ,i.billno ,from_unixtime(i.billdate,'%Y-%m-%d') as billdate /*单据日期*/ ,from_unixtime(i.createdate,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s') as createdate /*制单日期*/ ,if(i.sdate=0,'',from_unixtime(i.sdate,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s')) as sdate /*过账日期*/ ,from_unixtime(i.udate,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s') as udate /*最后修改时间*/ ,i.custid ,c.custname ,i.storeid ,k.storename ,i.empid ,e.empname ,i.userid ,u.username ,i.remarks /*单据备注*/ ,i.effect,i.settle,i.redold,i.rednew /*单据状态*/ ,i.printtimes /* 打印次数 */ ,(case when i.rednew=1 then 1 when i.redold=1 then 2 when i.settle=1 then 3 when i.effect=1 then 4 else 9 end) as state /*单据状态*/ ,(case when i.rednew=1 then '红冲单' when i.redold=1 then '已红冲' when i.settle=1 then '已结算' when i.effect=1 then '已过账' else '草稿' end) as statetext ,'' as susername /* 操作人 */ ,'' as accname /* 科目 */ from salebill i left join coursecentersale d on d.tid=i.tid and d.billid=i.billid left join customer c on c.tid=i.tid and c.custid=i.custid left join store k on k.tid=i.tid and k.storeid=i.storeid left join employee e on e.tid=i.tid and e.empid=i.empid left join user u on u.tid=i.tid and u.userid=i.userid where i.tid=260434 and (i.billtype = 5 or i.effect = 1) and ('_billdate_f_'!='') and ('_billdate_t_'!='') and ('_sdate_f_'!='') and ('_sdate_t_'!='') and ('_udate_f_'!='') and ('_udate_t_'!='') and ('_cdate_f_'!='') and ('_cdate_t_'!='') and ('_billid_'!='') /*单据id*/ and ('_custid_'!='') /*客户ID*/ and ('_storeid_'!='') /*店仓ID*/ and ('_empid_'!='') /*业务员ID*/ and ('_custstop_'!='') /*客户是否停用*/ and ( (i.billno like concat('%','葡萄','%')) or (i.remarks like concat('%','葡萄','%')) or exists(select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((d.remarks like concat('%','葡萄','%')) or (d.goodsremarks like concat('%','葡萄','%')))) or exists(select 1 from customer c where c.tid=260434 and c.custid=i.custid and (c.custname like concat('%','葡萄','%'))) or exists(select 1 from goods g join salebilldetail d on d.tid=g.tid and d.goodsid=g.goodsid where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((g.goodsname like concat('%','葡萄','%')) or (g.goodscode like concat('%','葡萄','%')))) ) and i.rednew=0 /*单据列表不含红冲单*/ and i.billid not in (select billid from coursecenter_del t where t.tid=260434) and ((i.settle=1 and i.effect=1 and i.redold=0 and i.rednew=0)) /*已结算*/ order by udate desc,billno desc limit 0,100; 执行时间约 改成使用全文索引方式: test_10-- 测试10 select i.billid ,if(0,0,i.qty) as qty ,if(0,0,i.goodstotal) as total ,if(0,0,i.chktotal) as selfchktotal ,if(0,0,i.distotal) as distotal ,if(0,0,i.otherpay) as feetotal ,if(0,0,ifnull(d.costtotal,0)) as costtotal ,if(0,0,ifnull(d.maoli,0)) as maoli ,i.billno ,from_unixtime(i.billdate,'%Y-%m-%d') as billdate /*单据日期*/ ,from_unixtime(i.createdate,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s') as createdate /*制单日期*/ ,if(i.sdate=0,'',from_unixtime(i.sdate,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s')) as sdate /*过账日期*/ ,from_unixtime(i.udate,'%Y-%m-%d %H:%i:%s') as udate /*最后修改时间*/ ,i.custid ,c.custname ,i.storeid ,k.storename ,i.empid ,e.empname ,i.userid ,u.username ,i.remarks /*单据备注*/ ,i.effect,i.settle,i.redold,i.rednew /*单据状态*/ ,i.printtimes /* 打印次数 */ ,(case when i.rednew=1 then 1 when i.redold=1 then 2 when i.settle=1 then 3 when i.effect=1 then 4 else 9 end) as state /*单据状态*/ ,(case when i.rednew=1 then '红冲单' when i.redold=1 then '已红冲' when i.settle=1 then '已结算' when i.effect=1 then '已过账' else '草稿' end) as statetext ,'' as susername /* 操作人 */ ,'' as accname /* 科目 */ from salebill i left join coursecentersale d on d.tid=i.tid and d.billid=i.billid left join customer c on c.tid=i.tid and c.custid=i.custid left join store k on k.tid=i.tid and k.storeid=i.storeid left join employee e on e.tid=i.tid and e.empid=i.empid left join user u on u.tid=i.tid and u.userid=i.userid where i.tid=260434 and (i.billtype = 5 or i.effect = 1) and ('_billdate_f_'!='') and ('_billdate_t_'!='') and ('_sdate_f_'!='') and ('_sdate_t_'!='') and ('_udate_f_'!='') and ('_udate_t_'!='') and ('_cdate_f_'!='') and ('_cdate_t_'!='') and ('_billid_'!='') /*单据id*/ and ('_custid_'!='') /*客户ID*/ and ('_storeid_'!='') /*店仓ID*/ and ('_empid_'!='') /*业务员ID*/ and ('_custstop_'!='') /*客户是否停用*/ and ( (match(i.billno) against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)) or (match(i.remarks) against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)) or exists(select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((match(d.remarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)) or (match(d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)))) or exists(select 1 from customer c where c.tid=260434 and c.custid=i.custid and (match(c.custname) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode))) or exists(select 1 from goods g join salebilldetail d on d.tid=g.tid and d.goodsid=g.goodsid where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((match(g.goodsname) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)) or (match(g.goodscode) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)))) ) and i.rednew=0 /*单据列表不含红冲单*/ and i.billid not in (select billid from coursecenter_del t where t.tid=260434) and ((i.settle=1 and i.effect=1 and i.redold=0 and i.rednew=0)) /*已结算*/ order by udate desc,billno desc limit 0,100; 执行时间约 最魔幻的地方来了,如果将上面的SQL语句中( exists(select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((match(d.remarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)) or (match(d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)))) test_11改成使用全文索引 -- 测试11 exists(select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((match(d.remarks,d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)))) 执行时间无限长(跑了半天没成功)? -- and 中只有一个全文检索时正常, 用时0.2秒 select xxx from xxx ... and ( exists(select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((match(d.remarks,d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)))) ) ... -- 下面这样就异常了,会慢成百上千倍,用时 160 秒, 如果有更多的 match ,会更夸张的慢下去 select xxx from xxx ... and ( exists(select 1 from salebilldetail d where d.tid=260434 and d.billid=i.billid and ((match(d.remarks,d.goodsremarks) Against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode)))) or match(i.billno) against(concat('"','葡萄','"') in boolean mode) ) ... 测试结果汇总:
五、MySQL 版本升级因线上系统目前是 RDS MySQL 5.6,故简单描述升级相关问题。
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