How to install Oracle on CentOS 7

Oracle is a well-known relational database management system. It is powerful and can manage large amounts of data. It is widely used in enterprises and institutions, especially in finance, telecommunications, e-commerce, education and other fields. If you are using CentOS 7 operating system and want to install Oracle database, you can follow the steps below.

1. Install the required software

Before installing the Oracle database, you need to install some necessary software. There are two installation methods provided here: one is to install using the yum package manager, and the other is to download from the Oracle official website and install manually. Here we use the first method.

Open the terminal, log in as the root user, and execute the following command:

yum install binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 ksh libgcc libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel libstdc++-devel.i686 libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libXext libXext.i686 libXtst libXtst.i686 libX11 libX11.i686 libXau libXau.i686 libxcb libxcb.i686 libXi libXi.i686 make sysstat

This will install many software packages and takes a long time. If you have multiple download sources, you can set priorities to speed up your downloads. Execute the following command:

yum install yum-plugin-priorities

Next, create the /etc/yum.repos.d/public-yum-ol7.repo file and add the following content:

[ol7_latest]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Latest ($basearch)
baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/latest/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
priority=1

[ol7_UEKR4]
name=Latest Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 4 for Oracle Linux $releasever ($basearch)
baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/UEKR4/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
priority=1

[ol7_addons]
name=Oracle Linux $releasever Add ons ($basearch)
baseurl=http://yum.oracle.com/repo/OracleLinux/OL7/addons/$basearch/
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-oracle
gpgcheck=1
enabled=1
priority=1

Execute the following command to clear yum Cache and rebuild the cache:

yum clean all
yum makecache

2. Install Oracle database

Download the Oracle database installation file. Find the corresponding version and platform on the official website https://www.oracle.com/downloads/index.html and download it. Here, Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition for Linux x86-64 is used as an example. The download file name is LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip.

Copy the downloaded file to the server. We copy it to the /home/oracle directory.

Create Oracle users and groups:

groupadd oinstall
groupadd dba
useradd -m -g oinstall -G dba oracle

Unzip the installation file. In the command line, enter the directory where the downloaded compressed package is located, and execute the following command:

unzip LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip

After decompression, enter the database software directory, for example:

cd /home/oracle/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home

Set environment variables. Run the following command as the root user:

echo "fs.file-max=6815744" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.sem=250 32000 100 128" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmni=4096" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmall=1073741824" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "kernel.shmmax=4398046511104" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_default=262144" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.rmem_max=4194304" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.core.wmem_max=1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "fs.aio-max-nr=1048576" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
echo "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=9000 65500" >> /etc/sysctl.conf
/sbin/sysctl -p

Modify user restrictions. Add the following line to the end of the /etc/security/limits.conf file:

oracle   soft   nofile    1024
oracle   hard   nofile    65536
oracle   soft   nproc     16384
oracle   hard   nproc     16384
oracle   soft   stack     10240

Add the following line to the end of the /etc/pam.d/login file:

session    required     /lib64/security/pam_limits.so

Set user environment variables. Edit the user ~/.bash_profile file and add the following content:

ORACLE_HOME=/home/oracle/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home
export ORACLE_HOME

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib:/lib
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH

CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib
export CLASSPATH

Switch to the Oracle user and run the installer. Execute the following command:

su - oracle
./runInstaller

The installation wizard interface will appear. Follow the operation prompts and select the installation path, database type, password, etc. If you use SSH to log in remotely and want to perform the installation wizard in the graphical interface, you can first start the X server locally, and then add the -X parameter to the SSH connection, for example:

ssh -X oracle@192.168.0.100

Note: During the installation process, Check whether some necessary environment variables and software packages have been installed. If there are any problems, please read the error message carefully and try to solve it. The installation program will also automatically adjust some kernel parameters, which may require restarting the server.

After the installation process is completed, remember to record the password and other information.

3. Configuring the Oracle database

After installing the Oracle database, some configurations are required so that it can be connected and used normally. Here are some basic configuration steps.

Start the database. Run the following command as the Oracle user:

sqlplus / as sysdba

After entering the password, you will enter the SQL command line interface. Run the following command:

startup

Wait for a while, the command line will show that the database has been started.

Create new user. If you need to create a new user in the database, you can run the following command:

create user newuser identified by password;

where newuser is the username and password is the password. If you need to assign specific permissions and roles to this user, you can run additional commands.

Modify the listener configuration. If you need to modify the listener properties, you can edit the /home/oracle/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home/network/admin/listener.ora file.

Start the listener. Run the following command as the Oracle user:

lsnrctl start

Test the connection. Use client software on another computer, such as SQL Developer, to connect to the database instance. Correctly enter the server IP address, port number, user name, password and other information, and perform the test. If the connection is successful, you can use the client software to manage the database.

The above are the basic steps for installing Oracle database on CentOS 7. I hope it will be helpful to you. Please also pay attention to security to avoid damage to the database.

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