How to cancel commit operation in git

When using Git for version control, the commit operation is an essential step, which means saving the current code changes to the local warehouse. However, in actual use, we sometimes encounter some problems and need to cancel the commit operation. This article will introduce how to cancel the commit operation.

Cancel the add operation

Before git commit, we need to use the git add command to add changes to the staging area and prepare for submission. If we find a modification error after executing the git add command and do not want to submit the modification to the staging area, we can cancel the add operation by executing the git reset HEAD command. This command will remove the specified file or directory from the staging area but retain its modifications in the working directory.

For example, we executed the following command to add a file to the staging area:

git add index.html

Now we do not want to submit this file, we can use the following command to cancel the add operation:

git reset HEAD index.html

Cancel commit operation

If we have already performed the commit operation, but later find that the submission information is incorrect, or the submitted content is incorrect, and we need to revise it and submit it again, then we will Need to cancel the last commit operation.

In git, there are generally two ways to cancel the commit operation: use the git revert command or use the git reset command.

Use the git revert command

The git revert command is used to undo a certain submission. It does not change the submission history, but creates a new submission to undo the previous one. submit. This method is suitable for use when the code has been pushed to a public repository.

Execute the following command to undo a submission:

git revert <commit-id>

Among them, commit-id represents the ID number of the submission that needs to be canceled. For example, if we want to undo the last commit, we can use the following command:

git revert HEAD

After executing this command, git will open a text editor, allowing you to edit the commit information and confirm the undo operation.

If you want to undo multiple commits, you can specify multiple commit-ids, for example:

git revert <commit-id1> <commit-id2> <commit-id3>

Use the git reset command

The git reset command also It can be used to cancel the commit operation, but it will change the commit history, so it is only applicable to operations in the local warehouse and cannot be used for operations that have been pushed to the remote warehouse.

Execute the following command to undo a submission:

git reset <commit-id>

Among them, commit-id represents the ID number of the submission that needs to be canceled. For example, if we want to undo the last submission, we can use the following command:

git reset HEAD~1

After executing this command, the latest submission will be removed and its modifications will be retained in the working directory. It should be noted that this method only cancels the commit operation, and the corresponding code changes are not deleted. If you need to roll back your code to a specific version, you can use the git checkout command.

Summary

This article introduces how to cancel the commit operation in Git, including canceling the add operation and using the git revert and git reset commands to undo the commit operation. It is necessary to choose the appropriate method according to the actual situation to ensure that the code version control is correct.

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