How to use PHP to implement message push function

With the rapid development of the Internet, the development of Web applications has become more and more common. In these web applications, the message push mechanism has become an important part. The message push mechanism allows us to actively push messages from the back end to the front end, which can make the interactivity of web applications richer, real-time and efficient.

To implement the message push mechanism in PHP, you need to use WebSocket technology. WebSocket can establish a persistent connection so that the server can send messages to the client at any time, and the client can also send messages to the server. In PHP, there are some excellent WebSocket libraries available. In this article, we will introduce how to use PHP to implement message push function.

1. Use the Workerman library to implement message push

Workerman is a high-performance asynchronous event-driven framework running in the PHP environment. It was created by Wang Pan, the author of the famous PHP framework YII. The framework implements support for WebSocket through the use of PHP socket extensions, and on this basis implements the ability to handle TCP/UDP protocols.

Next, let’s demonstrate the specific steps to implement message push by using the Workerman library:

1. Install the Workerman library

Use in the command line The following command installs the Workerman library:

composer require workerman/workerman

2. Create a WebSocket server

Before creating a WebSocket server, you need to introduce the automatic loading function into the Workerman running environment. The method of introducing the automatic loading function is as follows:

require_once __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';

After introducing the automatic loading function, you can instantiate the WebSocket server. The code is as follows:

use Workerman\Worker;
use Workerman\Lib\Timer;

$ws_worker = new Worker("websocket://0.0.0.0:2346");

//配置参数
$ws_worker->count = 4;
$ws_worker->name = 'WebSocket';

//连接事件
$ws_worker->onConnect = function($connection)
{
   echo "New connection\n";
};

//关闭事件
$ws_worker->onClose = function($connection)
{
   echo "Connection closed\n";
};

//消息事件
$ws_worker->onMessage = function($connection, $data)
{
    echo "Received: ".$data."\n";
};

Worker::runAll();

In the above code, we instantiate a WebSocket server and set the listening address and port (port 2346 is used here). After that, we set the number of servers, their names, connection events, shutdown events, and message events.

It is necessary to specify the number of worker processes to start, because whether it can support a large number of connections and the speed and number of real-time message sending and receiving processing is related to the number of processes.

3. Start the WebSocket server

After creating the WebSocket server, you need to use the following command in the command line to start the WebSocket server:

php websocket.php start

After that, WebSocket The server starts.

4. Push messages to the client

After the WebSocket server is started, we need to push messages to the client. The method of pushing a message is as follows:

foreach($ws_worker->connections as $connection)
{
    $connection->send('Welcome!');
}

In the above code, we traverse all the connections on the server and send a message to them (the message sent here is 'Welcome!').

2. Use the Ratchet library to implement message push

Ratchet is a WebSocket library developed using PHP, which allows PHP to perform real-time two-way communication. Ratchet provides the implementation of WebSocket server and WebSocket client, and its functions are very powerful.

The specific steps to use the Ratchet library to implement message push are as follows:

1. Install the Ratchet library

Use the following command in the command line to install the Ratchet library:

composer require cboden/ratchet

2. Create a WebSocket server

Similar to using the Workerman library to implement message push, we also need to create a WebSocket server first when using the Ratchet library. The code is as follows:

use Ratchet\MessageComponentInterface;
use Ratchet\ConnectionInterface;

require dirname(__DIR__) . '/vendor/autoload.php';

class Pusher implements MessageComponentInterface
{
    private $clients;
 
    public function __construct()
    {
        $this->clients = new \SplObjectStorage;
    }
 
    public function onOpen(ConnectionInterface $conn)
    {
        $this->clients->attach($conn);
        echo "New connection! ({$conn->resourceId})\n";
    }
 
    public function onMessage(ConnectionInterface $from, $msg)
    {
        echo "New message received! ({$from->resourceId})\n";
        $numRecv = count($this->clients) - 1;
        foreach ($this->clients as $client) 
        {
            if ($from !== $client)
            {
                $client->send($msg);
            }
        }
    }
 
    public function onClose(ConnectionInterface $conn)
    {
        $this->clients->detach($conn);
        echo "Connection {$conn->resourceId} has disconnected\n";
    }
 
    public function onError(ConnectionInterface $conn, \Exception $e)
    {
        echo "An error has occurred: {$e->getMessage()}\n";
        $conn->close();
    }
}
 
$server = IoServer::factory(
    new HttpServer(
        new WsServer(
            new Pusher()
        )
    ),
    19920//端口号
);
$server->run();

In the above code, we implement the WebSocket server and output the connection status to the client in the onOpen() event, handle message push in the onMessage() event, and onClose() event The connection disconnection status is output in the onError() event, and the error message is output in the onError() event.

3. Start the WebSocket server

After creating the WebSocket server, you need to use the following command in the command line to start the WebSocket server:

php websocket.php

After that, WebSocket The server starts.

4. Push messages to the client

After the WebSocket server is started, we need to push messages to the client. The method of pushing a message is as follows:

$this->clients->remove($conn);
foreach ($this->clients as $client) 
{
    if ($from !== $client)
    {
        $msg = $from->resourceId.":".$msg;
        $client->send($msg);
    }
}

In the above code, we traverse all the connections on the server and send a message to them (the message sent here is 'Welcome!').

Note that the push messages in the Ratchet library are different from the push messages in the Workerman library. Specifically, the Workerman library uses the $connection->send() method, while the Ratchet library uses the $client->send() method. The methods of pushing messages also differ between different libraries.

3. Summary

The above is the specific method of using PHP to implement the message push mechanism. Through these methods, we can proactively push messages from the backend to the frontend, thereby achieving real-time, efficient, and rich interaction with web applications. When using these methods, we need to pay attention to the differences and characteristics between each WebSocket library, and apply them flexibly to better push messages.

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