Teach you step-by-step how to use PHP to separate front-end and back-end

In Web development, the separation of front-end and back-end has become a trend. The front-end is mainly responsible for displaying data and user interaction, while the back-end is responsible for data processing and business logic implementation. Therefore, the backend implements the API interface, and the frontend obtains data by calling the interface. It has become inevitable to completely separate the frontend and backend. This article will introduce how to achieve PHP front-end and back-end separation.

1. Build the backend API interface

As a server-side scripting language, PHP has better performance and data security than JavaScript, so in the backend In building the API interface, we can use PHP to implement it. For example, we can use PHP frameworks such as Laravel, Yii, CodeIgniter, etc. to quickly build backend API interfaces. These frameworks can easily complete routing, models, controllers, database operations, etc.

2. Controller implements API interface logic

After building the API interface, we need to write the corresponding controller to handle front-end requests. For example, we can implement a UserController to handle user registration, login and other requests. The code example is as follows:

class UserController extends BaseController
{
    // 注册
    public function register()
    {
        // 获取前端传递的参数
        $username = Input::get('username');
        $password = Input::get('password');

        // 插入数据库逻辑
        User::create(['username' => $username, 'password' => $password]);

        // 返回注册成功响应
        return Response::json(['result' => 'success']);
    }

    // 登录
    public function login()
    {
        // 获取前端传递的参数
        $username = Input::get('username');
        $password = Input::get('password');

        // 数据库验证逻辑
        $user = User::where('username', $username)->where('password', $password)->first();

        if ($user) {
            // 登录成功
            return Response::json(['result' => 'success']);
        } else {
            // 登录失败
            return Response::json(['result' => 'error']);
        }
    }
}

3. Cross-domain access processing

Due to the implementation of front-end and back-end separation, the front-end and back-end are not under the same domain name, so there is a cross-domain problem. We can use CORS (Cross Origin Resource Sharing, cross-domain resource sharing) to solve cross-domain problems. In the Laravel framework, we can implement CORS settings through Middleware and specify the domain names that allow cross-domain requests by setting Access-Control-Allow-Origin. The sample code is as follows:

class CorsMiddleware
{
    public function handle($request, Closure $next)
    {
        header("Access-Control-Allow-Origin: *");
        header("Access-Control-Allow-Headers: Content-Type, Authorization");
        header("Access-Control-Allow-Methods: GET, POST, OPTIONS, PUT, DELETE");

        return $next($request);
    }
}

The middleware needs to be registered in the Kernel:

protected $middleware = [
    \App\Http\Middleware\CorsMiddleware::class,
];

4. Front-end HTTP request

When the front-end calls the API interface, it needs to send HTTP request, request methods include GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc. Among them, the GET method is used to obtain data, the POST method is used to submit data, the PUT method is used to update data, and the DELETE method is used to delete data. In front-end frameworks such as jQuery or Angular, HTTP requests can be sent through the $.ajax or $http method. The sample code is as follows:

$.ajax({
    url: 'http://api.example.com/register',
    type: 'POST',
    data: {username: 'test', password: '123456'},
    dataType: 'json',
    beforeSend: function() {
        // 请求前处理逻辑
    },
    success: function(data) {
        // 响应成功处理逻辑
    },
    error: function() {
        // 响应错误处理逻辑
    }
});

5. Other instructions

In the process of realizing the separation of PHP front-end and back-end, you also need to pay attention to some security issues, such as: interface anti-brushing and parameter security For verification, etc., corresponding processing logic needs to be added to the code. In addition, the writing and maintenance of interface documents also need to be considered to facilitate the use of front-end developers.

In short, the separation of PHP front-end and back-end is not difficult to achieve, but we need to constantly sum up experience in practice and improve code quality and security to achieve good results.

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