Detailed explanation of several methods for retrieving deleted files using git

When using Git for code version control, sometimes a file is accidentally deleted. At this time, we can use some magical operations of Git to retrieve these accidentally deleted files. This article will introduce how Git can retrieve deleted files. Several methods.

1. Use checkout to recover deleted files

If we delete a file by mistake, we can restore it by using the checkout command:

git checkout -- <file_path></file_path>

The meaning of this command is to restore the file to the latest version. If the file has been submitted to Git before, it will be restored to the most recently submitted version of the file. If this file has not been submitted and is accidentally deleted, you can use the checkout command to restore it to its current uncommitted state.

It should be noted that using the checkout command will overwrite local modifications, so local modifications need to be backed up or submitted to the repository before use.

2. Use reset to recover deleted files

Similarly, we can also use the reset command to recover files:

git reset HEAD <file_path></file_path>

The meaning of this command It is to restore the file from the temporary storage area to the work area, that is, to cancel the temporary storage of the file. If we did not execute the commit command when we just deleted the file, the file was deleted in the staging area. Use the reset command to restore the file from the staging area to the work area.

It should be noted that using the reset command will not delete the file, but only move the file from the staging area back to the work area. If you need to delete the file completely, you can use the rm command to delete it, and then use the commit command to submit the deletion operation.

3. Use reflog to restore deleted files

If we delete a file by mistake, and some previous operations have been submitted to the repository, we can use Git's reflog command to retrieve this file.

reflog The command records all Git operations, including each commit, merge, reset, etc. We can view reflog through the following command:

git reflog

This command will list all Git operation records, including the SHA1 version number of the operation and the comments submitted. The smaller the record number, the closer it is to the current state.

We can find the SHA1 version number of the accidentally deleted file in reflog, and then use the following command to restore it:

git checkout HEAD@{<commit-number>} <file_path></file_path></commit-number>

where<commit-number> indicates the commit version number to be restored. We can find the commit-number of the accidentally deleted file in <code>reflog, and then replace it in the above command.

It should be noted that if a merge or reset operation has been performed before, conflicts may occur when using reflog to restore files, and conflicts need to be resolved manually.

Conclusion

Accidental deletion of files is a problem that developers often encounter, but Git provides many methods to help us retrieve these accidentally deleted files. This article introduces the methods of using checkout, reset and reflog for file recovery. You need to choose the appropriate method according to different scenarios. Before performing recovery operations, you need to back up local modifications or submit them to the repository to avoid data loss.

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