Detailed introduction to the compilation process of Golang

Golang is a programming language developed by Google and has become extremely popular since its launch. The characteristics of multi-person collaboration, high concurrency, and low latency make Golang very suitable for the development of high-traffic Internet servers. But, as a Golang engineer, do you have any concerns about the compilation process? This article will introduce the Golang compilation process in detail.

Types of Golang compiler

Golang’s native compiler is the go tool chain, which is the go build and other commands. Focusing on the compilation of a single file, the go toolchain not only compiles the code into an executable file, it is also responsible for linking the compiled source code.

In addition to native compilers, there are also some third-party compilers to choose from, such as gccgo. Unlike native compilers, gccgo uses the backend of the GNU compiler collection and uses the corresponding linker, making the Golang standard library more efficient.

The working principle of Golang compiler

The working principle of Golang compiler can be divided into five steps:

1. Lexical analysis

## The #Golang compiler first performs lexical analysis on the input source code and converts the words in the source code (such as if, while, for, etc.) into the internal format required by the compiler.

Grammar Analysis

The compiler will then apply the grammar rules to the lexical tokens to build a syntax tree of the source code. Each node of the syntax tree represents a specific code element.

Semantic Analysis

In this step, the compiler analyzes keywords, identifiers, types, and other syntax structures. It performs type inference, variables, function calls, and other syntax transformations.

Code Generation

In this step, the compiler generates an intermediate representation of the source code. At this stage, the code is usually converted into assembly language.

After generating assembly code, the compiler will optimize the assembly code according to the characteristics of the target platform. This stage almost drastically changes the quality of the resulting executable file.

Assembly and linking

In the final step, the compiler converts the assembly file into a binary file and calls the linker for static linking. At this stage, not only all functions in the source code are linked, but also libraries provided by the operating system are linked, combining all modules into a single executable file.

Summary

Through the five important processes of lexicon, syntax, semantics, code generation, assembly and linking, the Golang compiler finally compiles the source code into an executable file or library. An in-depth understanding of the Golang compilation process will help us better understand how the language works and how the code changes during the compilation process.

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