How to use gdb to debug go programs under Linux

In the development process of golang, we often encounter situations where we need to debug problems. At this time, we need tools to assist us in debugging. In golang, the most commonly used debugging tool is gdb. This article will introduce how to install and configure gdb under the Linux operating system.

1. What is gdb?

gdb is a debugging tool that can be used on multiple platforms. It supports multiple programming languages ​​such as C, C, Fortran and assembly. In addition to single-step debugging of the program, it also supports multiple debugging methods such as viewing program memory, breakpoint debugging, and conditional debugging.

2. Install gdb

Under the Linux operating system, gdb usually comes with it. You can enter the following command at the command line to check whether gdb has been installed:

$ gdb -v

If gdb has been installed, the command line will output the version information of gdb, as shown below:

GNU gdb (GDB) 7.11.1
...

If gdb is not installed, you can install it using your package manager. Taking Ubuntu as an example, you can enter the following command in the terminal to install gdb:

sudo apt-get install gdb

After the above operations, you can use gdb in the system.

3. Configure gdb

gdb provides debugging information by default, but this information may not be sufficient. Therefore, you need to add debugging information when compiling golang programs. When compiling, you can use the "-gcflags" option to increase the level of debugging information for the compiler. For example:

go build -o hello-world -gcflags=all="-N -l" hello-world.go

Where the "-N" option means to disable optimization so that we can better trace the program, and the "-l" option means to instruct the compiler to generate line number information.

4. Using gdb

When debugging golang programs, you need to use the -go-delve plug-in. This plugin provides two backends for GDB and LLDB. GDB is the default backend of the Go language. In this article we will introduce how to use GDB to debug programs.

1. Turn on debugging

First, start gdb and load the program that needs to be debugged:

$ gdb ./hello-world

Then, enter the "run" command at the GDB command line to start the program ：

(gdb) run

2. Set breakpoint

Enter "break" on the line where you need to set a breakpoint.

For example, set a breakpoint on line 5 of the "main" function:

(gdb) break main.go:5

3. Single-stepping

A common way to debug a program is to single-step implement. In GDB, you can use the "next" command to execute the next statement, and the "step" command to enter the first statement in the subfunction.

For example, single-step execution in the "main" function:

(gdb) next

Press Enter to execute multiple "next" commands continuously.

4. Check the variable value

In GDB, you can use the "print" command to check the value of the variable.

For example, view the value of the "i" variable in the "main" function:

(gdb) print i

5. End debugging

After debugging is completed, you can enter "quit" to Exit GDB:

(gdb) quit

Summary

This article introduces how to install and configure gdb under the Linux operating system, and how to use gdb to debug golang programs. In actual development, gdb is a very important debugging tool that can help us find and solve problems faster.

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