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MySQL prepare语法:
PREPARE statement_name FROM preparable_SQL_statement; /*定义*/
EXECUTE statement_name [USING @var_name [, @var_name] ...]; /*执行预处理语句*/
{DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE statement_name /*删除定义*/ ;
PREPARE语句用于预备一个语句,并指定名称statement_name,以后引用该语句。语句名称对大小写不敏感。preparable_stmt可以是一个文字字符串,也可以是一个包含了语句文本的用户变量。该文本必须表现为一个单一的SQL语句,而不是多个语句。在这语句里,‘?’字符可以被用于标识参数,当执行时,以指示数据值绑定到查询后。‘?’字符不应加引号,即使你想要把它们与字符串值结合在一起。参数标记只能用于数据值应该出现的地方,而不是SQL关键字,标识符,等等。
如果预语句已经存在,则在新的预语句被定义前,它会被隐含地删掉。
例如:
mysql> prepare optimize_tables from "optimize table temp"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Statement prepared mysql> execute optimize_tables; +-----------+----------+----------+----------+ | Table | Op | Msg_type | Msg_text | +-----------+----------+----------+----------+ | test.temp | optimize | status | OK | +-----------+----------+----------+----------+ 1 row in set (0.37 sec) mysql> deallocate prepare optimize_tables;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) -------------------------------------------------------------------------- mysql> prepare md5sum from 'select md5(?) AS md5sum'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Statement prepared mysql> set @a=111;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> set @b=222;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> execute md5sum using @a; +----------------------------------+ | md5sum | +----------------------------------+ | 698d51a19d8a121ce581499d7b701668 | +----------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> execute md5sum using @b; +----------------------------------+ | md5sum | +----------------------------------+ | bcbe3365e6ac95ea2c0343a2395834dd | +----------------------------------+1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> drop prepare md5sum;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- mysql> prepare update_table from "update users set password=password('aaa') where username='a'"; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Statement prepared mysql> execute update_table;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)Rows matched: 1 Changed: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> deallocate prepare update_table;Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
从MySQL 5.0 开始,支持了一个全新的SQL句法:
PREPARE stmt_name FROM preparable_stmt; EXECUTE stmt_name [USING @var_name [, @var_name] ...]; {DEALLOCATE | DROP} PREPARE stmt_name;
通过它,我们就可以实现类似 MS SQL 的 sp_executesql 执行动态SQL语句!
同时也可以防止注入式攻击!
为了有一个感性的认识,
下面先给几个小例子:
mysql> PREPARE stmt1 FROM 'SELECT SQRT(POW(?,2) + POW(?,2)) AS hypotenuse'; mysql> SET @a = 3; mysql> SET @b = 4; mysql> EXECUTE stmt1 USING @a, @b; +------------+ | hypotenuse | +------------+ | 5 | +------------+ mysql> DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt1; mysql> SET @s = 'SELECT SQRT(POW(?,2) + POW(?,2)) AS hypotenuse'; mysql> PREPARE stmt2 FROM @s; mysql> SET @a = 6; mysql> SET @b = 8; mysql> EXECUTE stmt2 USING @a, @b; +------------+ | hypotenuse | +------------+ | 10 | +------------+ mysql> DEALLOCATE PREPARE stmt2;
如果你的MySQL 版本是 5.0.7 或者更高的,你还可以在 LIMIT 子句中使用它,示例如下:mysql> SET @a=1;mysql>
PREPARE STMT FROM "SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT ?"; mysql> EXECUTE STMT USING @a; mysql> SET @skip=1; SET @numrows=5; phperz.com mysql> PREPARE STMT FROM "SELECT * FROM tbl LIMIT ?, ?";
mysql> EXECUTE STMT USING @skip, @numrows; 使用 PREPARE 的几个注意点:
A:PREPARE stmt_name FROM preparable_stmt;
预定义一个语句,并将它赋给 stmt_name ,stmt_name 是不区分大小写的。
B: 即使 preparable_stmt 语句中的 ? 所代表的是一个字符串,你也不需要将 ? 用引号包含起来。
C: 如果新的 PREPARE 语句使用了一个已存在的 stmt_name ,那么原有的将被立即释放! 即使这个新的 PREPARE 语句因为错误而不能被正确执行。
D: PREPARE stmt_name 的作用域是当前客户端连接会话可见。
E: 要释放一个预定义语句的资源,可以使用 DEALLOCATE PREPARE 句法。
F: EXECUTE stmt_name 句法中,如果 stmt_name 不存在,将会引发一个错误。
G: 如果在终止客户端连接会话时,没有显式地调用 DEALLOCATE PREPARE 句法释放资源,服务器端会自己动释放它。
H: 在预定义语句中,CREATE TABLE, DELETE, DO, INSERT, REPLACE, SELECT, SET, UPDATE, 和大部分的 SHOW 句法被支持。
G: PREPARE 语句不可以用于存储过程,自定义函数!但从 MySQL 5.0.13 开始,它可以被用于存储过程,仍不支持在函数中使用! 下面给个示例:
CREATE PROCEDURE `p1`(IN id INT UNSIGNED,IN name VARCHAR(11))BEGIN lable_exit: BEGIN SET @SqlCmd = 'SELECT * FROM tA '; IF id IS NOT NULL THEN SET @SqlCmd = CONCAT(@SqlCmd , 'WHERE id=?'); PREPARE stmt FROM @SqlCmd; SET @a = id; EXECUTE stmt USING @a; LEAVE lable_exit; END IF; IF name IS NOT NULL THEN SET @SqlCmd = CONCAT(@SqlCmd , 'WHERE name LIKE ?'); PREPARE stmt FROM @SqlCmd; SET @a = CONCAT(name, '%'); EXECUTE stmt USING @a; LEAVE lable_exit; END IF; END lable_exit;END; CALL `p1`(1,NULL);CALL `p1`(NULL,'QQ');DROP PROCEDURE `p1`;
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