Let’s talk about golang’s debugging tools

As a golang software developer, we all face this problem: when there is a problem running your golang code, how to find out the root cause? In this article, we will explore golang’s debugging tools and how to use them to help us quickly locate problems.

1. GDB Debugger

GDB is a powerful debugger that can be used for many programming languages ​​such as C/C, Golang, etc. In Golang, we can use GDB to trace the code and debug it. Here are some basic GDB commands:

• Set a breakpoint: break main.main
• Continue running: continue
• Resume running: resume
• Single-step execution: step
• Single-step execution (without entering the function): next
• Display variable value: p variable name

The following is a simple example , explains how to use GDB to debug Golang programs.

First, we need to insert a breakpoint in the program, just insert it in the main function. Then, in the program directory that needs to be debugged, use the following command to start our program:

$ gdb ./main
GNU gdb (GDB) 7.6.2
...
Reading symbols from /home/user/Documents/go/src/debugging/main...done.
(gdb) break main.main
Breakpoint 1 at 0x4012b4: file /home/user/Documents/go/src /debugging/main.go, line 5.
(gdb) run

When the program executes to the breakpoint we set, the program will pause for debugging. At this time, we can use other GDB commands to View variables and other debugging information.

2. Delve

go-delve is a powerful debugger that can be used for debugging golang programs. Compared with GDB, Delve provides a more friendly debugging experience and supports setting breakpoints and dynamically modifying program variables. At the same time, Delve also provides the following functions:

• supports debugging multi-threaded programs;
• supports debugging remote programs;
• can use API to debug processes;

The following are some examples of Delve usage:

First, we need to install Delve. In Linux systems, you can use the following command to install:

$ go get github.com/go-delve/delve/cmd/dlv

In the directory of the program that needs to be debugged, use the following command Start our program:

$ dlv debug ./main.go

Then, the debugger will output the scene information in the terminal and enter the command line mode. We can use commands in command line mode to debug the program.

• Set breakpoint: break main.main
• Continue running: continue
• Resume running: restart
• Single-step execution: step
• Single-step execution (without entering the function): next
• Display variable value: p variable name

Delve also supports modifying variable values ​​in debug mode, for example:

(gdb) p x
$1 = 1

(gdb) set x = 2
(gdb) p x
$2 = 2

3. VSCODE debugger

Visual Studio Code is a very popular development environment that supports many programming languages, including Golang. In VSCODE, we can use the built-in Golang extension to debug Golang programs.

First, install the vscode-go extension. Then, open the debugging interface through the shortcut key F5 or the Run and Debug button on the left. In the upper left corner of the interface, you can select the project to be debugged. For example, the one we want to debug is main.go. After clicking the Run button, the program will start in debug mode.

In the debugging panel of VSCODE, we can set breakpoints, view program variables, dynamically modify program variables, etc. The following are some basic debugging commands:

• Set a breakpoint: Click on the blank space to the left of the line of code
• Continue running: F5
• Single-step execution: F10
• Single-step execution (entering the function): F11
• Single-step execution (skipping the function): F11
• Display variable value: Move the mouse to the prompt window on the variable

The debugger interaction in VSCODE is very convenient, which can help us quickly locate program problems and improve debugging efficiency.

Summary:

The above are three ways of debugging in golang. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. GDB is a very powerful debugger that can be used in most programming languages, but it is more complicated to use; Delve is a debugging toolkit for Golang, which provides many unique debugging features of Golang; VSCODE is an all-round integrated development environment, supports golang plug-ins, excellent debugging interactive interface, simple and easy to use. I hope this article can provide some help to programmers who have questions about go debugging.

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