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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial截取与分析日志文件的特定行数的操作_MySQL

在进行操作系统和数据库系统管理时,经常会遇到在日志文件中查找某个字符,或者按照时间截取某个时间段的日志进行分析。
今天早上就遇到一个MySQL数据库上的问题,mysql数据库在0-3点的时候,数据库会话连接,tps,cpu和iowait等都比平时大了许多。
为了定位这个时间段内,到底发生了那些慢查询,消耗了资源,就需要在slow.log慢查询日志进行查询,截取和分析。

在处理过程中,对几种常用的日志截取方法进行了汇总和测试:

截取日志段的的方法汇总与测试
方式一: 确定时间段的行号,使用head和tail命令截取 搜索时间: Time: 151212 00:00:00 先到gg,到文件最前面,然后搜索 /Time: 151212 ,得到: 1979016 # Time: 151212 0:00:15

文件总行数为: # wc -l slow-query-169-1212.log 1999422 slow-query-169-1212.log 1999422 limit 0,20;


然后在到文件最后面,G, 搜索4点之后开始的文件 /Time: 151212 4 ,得到: 1987392 # Time: 151212 4:00:05

确定需要查询的时间段行号后,使用head和tail命令进行截取: >>> 1987392 - 1979016; 8376

需要截取的日志,最后行号为 1979016,想用head 命令,然后在用tail命令截取最后的 8376 行即可,命令为: head -n 1979016 slow-query-169-1212.log | tail -n 8376 > slow-query-169-1212_00-03.log

方式二: 确定时间段的行号,使用sed命令截取 截取 151212 0-3点之间的慢查询日志: sed -n '1979016,1987392p' slow-query-169-1212.log > slow-query-169-1212_00-03.log

>>> 1987392 - 1979016; 8376 该部分文件,应该有 8376 行数据;确认正常;

方式三:确定时间段行号后,使用awk命令截取 截取 151212 0-3点之间的慢查询日志: awk -F"\n" '{if(NR>=1979016&&NR slow-query-169-1212_00-03.log

方式四:不需先确定行号,直接用sed取出日志段 slow log都是以 # Time: 151212 0:00:15 开头,直接用sed 取出其中的日志: sed -n '/^# Time: 151212 0/,/^# Time: 151212 4/p' slow-query-169-1212.log > part.log --这样的效果,就和刚才上面的效果相同,取出了0 -3 点之间的数据

如果是想取出 151211 这一天的数据,则命令为: sed -n '/^# Time: 151211/,/^# Time: 151212/p' slow-query-169-1212.log > part.log --取出了151211 这一天的日志

注意,使用sed 时,两行之间的选择项一定要对应,不然结果就不是想要的结果了: sed -n '/^# Time: 151212/,/^# Time: 151212 4/p' slow-query-169-1212.log > part.log --前后两个时间点不同,搜索的是全部 # Time: 151212开头的

使用pt工具对截取的日志进行分析 分析这段时间的日志的命令如下: /usr/local/pt/bin/pt-query-digest /data/bbs/slow-query-169-1212_00-03.log > /data/bbs/slow-query-169-1212_00-03-report.log

这是默认的分析和排序方法,可以根据需求,选择其他pt报告分析方法


注1 vim中两种查询方式: 命令模式下,按‘/’,然后输入要查找的字符,Enter。?和/的区别是,一个向前(下)找,一个向后(上)。 另外,‘*’可以查找当前光标下的word(完全符合),‘g*’则部分符合,以#代替*表示向后(上)找



注2 几种文件处理方法的简单举例: sed是按行处理的,不会将整个文件加载到内存中,可以放心使用 要切出从2012-02-09到2012-09-10的所有数据行,(假设你的日志文件以yyyy-MM-dd的日期格式开头)只需要: sed -n '/^2012-02-09/,/^2012-09-10/p' whole.log > part.log

无论怎么样你都必须使用某一个程序把这个文件读出来,并且用一定的规则来加以过滤。 在Linux中,使用cat和grep对文件进行操作已经可以说是最经济合理的了。 占用一定的系统资源是肯定的,具体的话跟你使用的cat,grep以及linux内核都有一定关系,所以可能会略有不同。 一般不要在系统里出现那么大的日志文件,最好在一开始就做好日志的大小限制以及合理的日志转储和备份。

显示文件的第2到第6行 sed -n '2,6p' file

需要加-n参数. head -n 6 file|tail -n 4


awk 也能达到要求 awk -F"\n" '{if(NR>=2&&NR
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