一个简单的测试:
start transaction;
insert into tb1 values(3, repeat('a', 65000),'x',1);
--commit;
rollback;
下图分别是 tb1.ibd 在插入前,回滚前,回滚后的文件大小:
有人在QQ群问:为什么回滚会导致tb1.idb的磁盘空间增大?
首先:131072-98304=163840-131072=32768
这里要存储 65000 个字符'a' ,那么字段类型应该是 text. 而 text 字段的处理是很特别的:
Each BLOB or TEXT value is represented internally by a separately allocated object. This is in contrast
to all other data types, for which storage is allocated once per column when the table is opened.
也就是说对于 text/blob 字段来说,它们是另外分配了一个专门的对象来存储,对它们的处理不会在内存中进行缓存,而是直接写入磁盘中。所以未提交时,就可以看到 tb1.idb 发生了增长。
而对于 insert 操作的 rollback,那么必须将之前插入的数据进行 delete 操作,而 delete 操作是逻辑操作,也就是设置一个标志位就行了,于是又分配了一个专门的对象来存储这个设置了删除标志的对象。于是磁盘空间增长了两次(暂时只能这么解释了...),每次都是 32768字节(2的15次方)。一旦提交或者rollback,磁盘空间就可以被回收。
为什么是 32768呢?
text的最大存储空间是 65656 个字节,每次分配的最小单位是 32768字节。
也就是 insert 和 rollback 都导致了一次 text 字段磁盘空间的增长分配,而分配的最小单位是32768.
如何你将 repeat('a',65000) 换成: repeat('a',65535) 在进行测试,你会发现,insert 时,tb1.idb会增长65536,在执行rollback时也会导致 tb1.idb 再次增长32768。
所以应该是 rollback 会导致 text 字段另外分配一次空间,而分配的最小单位是32768。可能和 text 字段的存储结构有关系。这个需要看源码了。
测试表明,其它非 text 字段的 rollback 操作,不会导致 ibd 文件增大。
测试建表语句如下:
mysql> show create table tb1\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Table: tb1
Create Table: CREATE TABLE `tb1` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`webtext` text COLLATE utf8mb4_bin,
`tp` varchar(2) COLLATE utf8mb4_bin DEFAULT NULL,
`se` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_bin
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

MySQL'sBLOBissuitableforstoringbinarydatawithinarelationaldatabase,whileNoSQLoptionslikeMongoDB,Redis,andCassandraofferflexible,scalablesolutionsforunstructureddata.BLOBissimplerbutcanslowdownperformancewithlargedata;NoSQLprovidesbetterscalabilityand

ToaddauserinMySQL,use:CREATEUSER'username'@'host'IDENTIFIEDBY'password';Here'showtodoitsecurely:1)Choosethehostcarefullytocontrolaccess.2)SetresourcelimitswithoptionslikeMAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR.3)Usestrong,uniquepasswords.4)EnforceSSL/TLSconnectionswith

MySQloffersechar, Varchar, text, Anddenumforstringdata.usecharforfixed-Lengthstrings, VarcharerForvariable-Length, text forlarger text, AndenumforenforcingdataAntegritywithaetofvalues.

Optimizing MySQLBLOB requests can be done through the following strategies: 1. Reduce the frequency of BLOB query, use independent requests or delay loading; 2. Select the appropriate BLOB type (such as TINYBLOB); 3. Separate the BLOB data into separate tables; 4. Compress the BLOB data at the application layer; 5. Index the BLOB metadata. These methods can effectively improve performance by combining monitoring, caching and data sharding in actual applications.

Mastering the method of adding MySQL users is crucial for database administrators and developers because it ensures the security and access control of the database. 1) Create a new user using the CREATEUSER command, 2) Assign permissions through the GRANT command, 3) Use FLUSHPRIVILEGES to ensure permissions take effect, 4) Regularly audit and clean user accounts to maintain performance and security.

ChooseCHARforfixed-lengthdata,VARCHARforvariable-lengthdata,andTEXTforlargetextfields.1)CHARisefficientforconsistent-lengthdatalikecodes.2)VARCHARsuitsvariable-lengthdatalikenames,balancingflexibilityandperformance.3)TEXTisidealforlargetextslikeartic

Best practices for handling string data types and indexes in MySQL include: 1) Selecting the appropriate string type, such as CHAR for fixed length, VARCHAR for variable length, and TEXT for large text; 2) Be cautious in indexing, avoid over-indexing, and create indexes for common queries; 3) Use prefix indexes and full-text indexes to optimize long string searches; 4) Regularly monitor and optimize indexes to keep indexes small and efficient. Through these methods, we can balance read and write performance and improve database efficiency.

ToaddauserremotelytoMySQL,followthesesteps:1)ConnecttoMySQLasroot,2)Createanewuserwithremoteaccess,3)Grantnecessaryprivileges,and4)Flushprivileges.BecautiousofsecurityrisksbylimitingprivilegesandaccesstospecificIPs,ensuringstrongpasswords,andmonitori


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

SecLists
SecLists is the ultimate security tester's companion. It is a collection of various types of lists that are frequently used during security assessments, all in one place. SecLists helps make security testing more efficient and productive by conveniently providing all the lists a security tester might need. List types include usernames, passwords, URLs, fuzzing payloads, sensitive data patterns, web shells, and more. The tester can simply pull this repository onto a new test machine and he will have access to every type of list he needs.

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse
Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.
