What is the bin directory in linux

In Linux, the bin directory is a binary file directory, which contains binary executable files. It mainly places the necessary executable files of the system, such as cat, cp, chmod df, dmesg, gzip, kill, ls, mkdir, more, mount, rm, su, tar, etc. The purpose of the binary file depends on the system or application. If the software is installed by the user, the main program file of the software will be in the directory "/usr/local/bin".

#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux7.3 system, Dell G3 computer.

What is the Linux bin directory?

bin is the abbreviation of binary. The directory contains binary executable files, which are mainly used to store system essentials. Execution files, such as:
cat, cp, chmod df, dmesg, gzip, kill, ls, mkdir, more, mount, rm, su, tar, etc.

Binary file

Simply put, text files are files based on character encoding. Common encodings include ASCII encoding and UNICODE Encoding and more. Binary files are files based on value encoding. You can specify what a certain value means according to the specific application (such a process can be regarded as custom encoding). As can be seen from the above, text files are basically fixed-length encoded. Based on characters, each character is fixed in the specific encoding. ASCII code is an 8-bit encoding, and UNICODE generally occupies 16 bits. Binary files can be regarded as variable-length encoding, because it is value encoding. How many bits represent a value is entirely up to you.

Explanation:

There is also a bin directory under /usr: /usr/bin, and the file paths in it are also executable files for some commands;

If the software is installed by the user, the main program file of the software will be in the directory /usr/local/bin (or the installation directory specified by the user, such as /usr/local/apache/bin) . Such as /usr/local/apache/bin).

Expand knowledge

In the Linux system, there are two important directories: bin and sbin, including /bin, /usr/bin/ and /sbin, /usr/sbin/.

• /usr/bin:

Mainly places the necessary executable files of application tools, for example:

c, g, gcc, chdrv, diff, dig, du, eject, elm, free, gnome*, gzip, htpasswd, kfm, ktop, last, less, locale, m4, make, man, mcopy, ncftp , newaliases, nslookup passwd, quota, smb*, wget, etc.

• /sbin:

Mainly places necessary programs for system management, such as:

cfdisk, dhcpcd, dump, e2fsck, fdisk, halt, ifconfig, ifup, ifdown, init, insmod, lilo, lsmod, mke2fs, modprobe, quotacheck, reboot, rmmod, runlevel, shutdown, etc.

• /usr/sbin:

Mainly places necessary programs for network management, such as:

dhcpd, httpd, imap, in.*d, inetd, lpd, named, netconfig, nmbd, samba, sendmail, squid, swap, tcpd, tcpdump, etc.

/bin,/sbin,/usr The difference between /bin and /usr/sbin

/  : this is root directory                root 用户根目录
/bin : commands in this dir are all system installed user commands    系统的一些指令
/sbin:  commands in this dir are all system installed super user commands  超级用户指令 系统管理命令，这里存放的是系统管理员使用的管理程序
/usr/bin: user commands for applications  后期安装的一些软件的运行脚本
/usr/sbin: super user commands for applications  超级用户的一些管理程序
/usr/X11R6/bin : X application user commands
/usr/X11R6/sbin: X application super user commands

Linux command list

Linux 命令大全
1、文件管理
cat	chattr	chgrp	chmod
chown	cksum	cmp	diff
diffstat	file	find	git
gitview	indent	cut	ln
less	locate	lsattr	mattrib
mc	mdel	mdir	mktemp
more	mmove	mread	mren
mtools	mtoolstest	mv	od
paste	patch	rcp	rm
slocate	split	tee	tmpwatch
touch	umask	which	cp
whereis	mcopy	mshowfat	rhmask
scp	awk	read	updatedb
2、文档编辑
col	colrm	comm	csplit
ed	egrep	ex	fgrep
fmt	fold	grep	ispell
jed	joe	join	look
mtype	pico	rgrep	sed
sort	spell	tr	expr
uniq	wc	let
3、文件传输
lprm	lpr	lpq	lpd
bye	ftp	uuto	uupick
uucp	uucico	tftp	ncftp
ftpshut	ftpwho	ftpcount
4、磁盘管理
cd	df	dirs	du
edquota	eject	mcd	mdeltree
mdu	mkdir	mlabel	mmd
mrd	mzip	pwd	quota
mount	mmount	rmdir	rmt
stat	tree	umount	ls
quotacheck	quotaoff	lndir	repquota
quotaon
5、磁盘维护
badblocks	cfdisk	dd	e2fsck
ext2ed	fsck	fsck.minix	fsconf
fdformat	hdparm	mformat	mkbootdisk
mkdosfs	mke2fs	mkfs.ext2	mkfs.msdos
mkinitrd	mkisofs	mkswap	mpartition
swapon	symlinks	sync	mbadblocks
mkfs.minix	fsck.ext2	fdisk	losetup
mkfs	sfdisk	swapoff
6、网络通讯
apachectl	arpwatch	dip	getty
mingetty	uux	telnet	uulog
uustat	ppp-off	netconfig	nc
httpd	ifconfig	minicom	mesg
dnsconf	wall	netstat	ping
pppstats	samba	setserial	talk
traceroute	tty	newaliases	uuname
netconf	write	statserial	efax
pppsetup	tcpdump	ytalk	cu
smbd	testparm	smbclient	shapecfg
7、系统管理
adduser	chfn	useradd	date
exit	finger	fwhios	sleep
suspend	groupdel	groupmod	halt
kill	last	lastb	login
logname	logout	ps	nice
procinfo	top	pstree	reboot
rlogin	rsh	sliplogin	screen
shutdown	rwho	sudo	gitps
swatch	tload	logrotate	uname
chsh	userconf	userdel	usermod
vlock	who	whoami	whois
newgrp	renice	su	skill
w	id	groupadd	free
8、系统设置
reset	clear	alias	dircolors
aumix	bind	chroot	clock
crontab	declare	depmod	dmesg
enable	eval	export	pwunconv
grpconv	rpm	insmod	kbdconfig
lilo	liloconfig	lsmod	minfo
set	modprobe	ntsysv	mouseconfig
passwd	pwconv	rdate	resize
rmmod	grpunconv	modinfo	time
setup	sndconfig	setenv	setconsole
timeconfig	ulimit	unset	chkconfig
apmd	hwclock	mkkickstart	fbset
unalias	SVGATextMode	gpasswd
9、备份压缩
ar	bunzip2	bzip2	bzip2recover
gunzip	unarj	compress	cpio
dump	uuencode	gzexe	gzip
lha	restore	tar	uudecode
unzip	zip	zipinfo
10、设备管理
setleds	loadkeys	rdev	dumpkeys
MAKEDEV	poweroff

Recommended learning: Linux video tutorial

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