How to use linux tar command

In Linux, the tar command can save many files together to a separate tape or disk for archiving. The syntax is "tar [option] source file or directory"; it can also restore the required files from the archive file. File, which is the reverse process of packaging, is called unpacking, the syntax is "tar [option] compressed package"; it can also be packaged and compressed at the same time, the syntax is "tar [option] compressed package source file or directory".

#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux7.3 system, Dell G3 computer.

Linux tar packaging command detailed explanation

In the Linux system, the most commonly used archiving (packaging) command is tar, which can save many files together into a single Archive to tape or disk. Not only that, this command can also restore the required files from the archive, which is the reverse process of packaging, called unpacking.

Packages archived using the tar command are usually called tar packages (tar package files all end with ".tar").

The tar command performs packaging operations

When the tar command is used for packaging operations, the basic format of the command is:

[root@localhost ~]#tar [选项] 源文件或目录

The commonly used options of this command and their respective meanings are shown in Table 1.

## -cPackage multiple files or directories. -AAppend the tar file to the archive. -f package nameSpecifies the file name of the package. The extension of the package is used to identify the format for the administrator, so the extension must be specified correctly; -vDisplays the process of packaging files;

Table 1 tar packaging command common options and their meaning

Options	Meaning

It should be noted that when using the tar command to specify options, you do not need to enter "-" in front of the options. For example, using the "cvf" option has the same effect as "-cvf".

Here are a few examples to show you how to use the tar command to package files and directories.

Example 1: Packing files and directories

[root@localhost ~]# tar -cvf anaconda-ks.cfg.tar anaconda-ks.cfg

The option "-cvf" is generally used, remember to use it when packaging Specify the file name after packaging, and use ".tar" as the extension. The same is true for packaging directories:

Example 2: Pack and compress directories

First of all, let’s make it clear that the compression command cannot directly compress directories. You must first use the tar command to package the directory, and then use the gzip command or the bzip2 command to compress the packaged file. For example:

[root@localhost ~]#ll -d test test.tar
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 6月 17 21:09 test
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 10240 6月 18 01:06 test.tar
#我们之前已经把test目录打包成test.tar文件
[root@localhost ~]# gzip test.tar
[root@localhost ~]# ll test.tar.gz
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 176 6月 18 01:06 test.tar.gz
#gzip命令会把test.tar压缩成test.tar.gz

The tar command is used to unpack the tar package

When the tar command is used to unpack the tar package, the The basic format is as follows:

[root@localhost ~]#tar [选项] 压缩包

When used to unpack, the commonly used options and meanings are shown in Table 2.

Table 2 tar unpacking common options and their meaningsOptionsMeaning-xUnpack the tar package. -fSpecify the package name of the tar package to be decompressed. -tOnly checks which files or directories are in the tar package and does not unpack the tar package. -C DirectorySpecifies the unpacking location. -vDisplay the specific process of unpacking.

其实解打包和打包相比，只是把打包选项 "-cvf" 更换为 "-xvf"。我们来试试：

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf anaconda-ks.cfg. tar
#解打包到当前目录下

如果使用 "-xvf" 选项，则会把包中的文件解压到当前目录下。如果想要指定解压位置，则需要使用 "-C(大写)" 选项。例如：

[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf test.tar -C /tmp
#把文件包test.tar解打包到/tmp/目录下

如果只想查看文件包中有哪些文件，则可以把解打包选项 "-x" 更换为测试选项 "-t"。例如：

[root@localhost ~]# tar -tvf test.tar

tar命令做打包压缩（解压缩解打包）操作

你可能会觉得 Linux 实在太不智能了，一个打包压缩，居然还要先打包成 ".tar" 格式，再压缩成 ".tar.gz" 或 ".tar.bz2" 格式。其实 tar 命令是可以同时打包压缩的，前面的讲解之所打包和压缩分开，是为了让大家了解在 Linux 中打包和压缩的不同。

当 tar 命令同时做打包压缩的操作时，其基本格式如下：

[root@localhost ~]#tar [选项] 压缩包 源文件或目录

此处常用的选项有以下 2 个，分别是：

• -z：压缩和解压缩 ".tar.gz" 格式；

• -j：压缩和解压缩 ".tar.bz2"格式。

示例1：压缩与解压缩 ".tar.gz"格式

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zcvf tmp.tar.gz /tmp/
#把/temp/目录直接打包压缩为".tar.gz"格式，通过"-z"来识别格式，"-cvf"和打包选项一致

解压缩也只是在解打包选项 "-xvf" 前面加了一个 "-z" 选项。

[root@localhost ~]# tar -zxvf tmp.tar.gz
#解压缩与解打包".tar.gz"格式

前面讲的选项 "-C" 用于指定解压位置、"-t" 用于查看压缩包内容，在这里同样适用。

示例2：压缩与解压缩 ".tar.bz2" 格式

和".tar.gz"格式唯一的不同就是"-zcvf"选项换成了 "-jcvf"，如下所示：

[root@localhost ~]# tar -jcvf tmp.tar.bz2 /tmp/
#打包压缩为".tar.bz2"格式，注意压缩包文件名
[root@localhost ~]# tar -jxvf tmp.tar.bz2
#解压缩与解打包".tar.bz2"格式

把文件直接压缩成".tar.gz"和".tar.bz2"格式，才是 Linux 中最常用的压缩方式，这是大家一定要掌握的压缩和解压缩方法。

tar 命令最初被用来在磁带上创建备份，现在可以在任何设备上创建备份。利用 tar 命令可以把一大堆的文件和目录打包成一个文件，这对于备份文件或是将几个文件组合成为一个文件进行网络传输是非常有用的。

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