How to implement the magnifying glass function in html5

How to implement the magnifying glass function in html5: 1. Create an HTML sample file; 2. Initialize the image using the html5 canvas tag; 3. Obtain the canvas and image objects; 4. Through "function drawAnchor() {... }" and other methods to enlarge the selected area, and then draw it onto the original picture, ensuring that the center points of the two areas are consistent.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 10 system, HTML5 version, DELL G3 computer

How to implement the magnifying glass function in html5?

【HTML5】Canvas implements magnifying glass effect

Picture magnifying glass

Effect

Principle

First select an area of ​​the picture, then enlarge this area, and then draw it on the original picture to ensure that the center points of the two areas are consistent, as shown in the figure below Display:

##Initialization

<canvas id="canvas" width="500" height="500">
</canvas>

<img src="image.png" style="display: none" id="img">

Obtain the canvas and image objects, here use the

a1f02c36ba31691bcfe87b2722de723b tag to preload the image

var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
var context = canvas.getContext("2d");
var img = document.getElementById("img");

Set related variables

// 图片被放大区域的中心点，也是放大镜的中心点
var centerPoint = {};
// 图片被放大区域的半径
var originalRadius = 100;
// 图片被放大区域
var originalRectangle = {};
// 放大倍数
var scale = 2;
// 放大后区域
var scaleGlassRectangle

Draw a background picture

function drawBackGround() {
    context.drawImage(img, 0, 0);
}

Calculate the range of the area where the picture is magnified

Here we use the position of the mouse as the center point of the magnified area (magnifying glass Moves as the mouse moves), because canvas needs to know the coordinates of the upper left corner and the width and height of the area when drawing a picture, so here we calculate the range of the area

function calOriginalRectangle(point) {
    originalRectangle.x = point.x - originalRadius;
    originalRectangle.y = point.y - originalRadius;
    originalRectangle.width = originalRadius * 2;
    originalRectangle.height = originalRadius * 2;
}

Drawing the magnifying glass area

Crop area

The magnifying glass is generally circular. Here we use the

clip function to crop out a circular area, and then draw the enlarged image in the area. Once a certain area is clipped, all future drawings will be limited to this area. Here we use the save and restore methods to clear the impact of the clipped area. save Saves a state of the current canvas, including the context attributes of the canvas, such as style, lineWidth, etc., and then pushes this state into a stack. restore is used to restore the state of the last save and pop the top-most state from the stack.

context.save();
context.beginPath();
context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
context.clip();
......
context.restore();

Calculate the magnifying glass area

Get the coordinates of the upper left corner of the area and the width and height of the area through the center point, the width and height of the magnified area, and the magnification factor.

scaleGlassRectangle = {
    x: centerPoint.x - originalRectangle.width * scale / 2,
    y: centerPoint.y - originalRectangle.height * scale / 2,
    width: originalRectangle.width * scale,
    height: originalRectangle.height * scale
}

Drawing pictures

Here we use the

context.drawImage(img,sx,sy,swidth,sheight,x,y,width,height); method, Treat the canvas itself as a picture, then take the image of the magnified area and draw it into the magnifying glass area.

context.drawImage(canvas,
    originalRectangle.x, originalRectangle.y,
    originalRectangle.width, originalRectangle.height,
    scaleGlassRectangle.x, scaleGlassRectangle.y,
    scaleGlassRectangle.width, scaleGlassRectangle.height
);

Draw the magnified edge

createRadialGradient Used to draw gradient images

context.beginPath();
var gradient = context.createRadialGradient(
    centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius - 5,
    centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius);
gradient.addColorStop(0, 'rgba(0,0,0,0.2)');
gradient.addColorStop(0.80, 'silver');
gradient.addColorStop(0.90, 'silver');
gradient.addColorStop(1.0, 'rgba(150,150,150,0.9)');

context.strokeStyle = gradient;
context.lineWidth = 5;
context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
context.stroke();

Add mouse events

Add mouse movement events to canvas

canvas.onmousemove = function (e) {
    ......
}

Convert coordinates

The coordinates obtained by mouse events are generally screen or window coordinates, and we need to convert them to canvas coordinates.

getBoundingClientRect is used to obtain the left, top, right and bottom positions of an element on the page relative to the browser window.

function windowToCanvas(x, y) {
    var bbox = canvas.getBoundingClientRect();
    return {x: x - bbox.left, y: y - bbox.top}
}

Modify mouse style

We can modify mouse style through css

#canvas {
    display: block;
    border: 1px solid red;
    margin: 0 auto;
    cursor: crosshair;
}

Chart magnifying glass

We may draw some charts or images based on canvas, if The coordinates of two elements are relatively close, which will have some impact on the selection of elements. For example, if we draw two lines, the coordinates of one line are

(200.5, 400) -> (200.5, 200), the coordinates of the other line are (201.5, 400) -> (201.5, 20), then the two lines will almost overlap, as shown in the following figure:

The effect of using the chart magnifying glass

Principle

Similar to the legend in the map, the magnifying glass uses a more accurate legend, as shown in the figure below :

In the magnifying glass coordinate system, the original area will become larger, as shown in the figure below

绘制原始线段

首先创建一个线段对象

function Line(xStart, yStart, xEnd, yEnd, index, color) {
    // 起点x坐标
    this.xStart = xStart;
    // 起点y坐标
    this.yStart = yStart;
    // 终点x坐标
    this.xEnd = xEnd;
    // 终点y坐标
    this.yEnd = yEnd;
    // 用来标记是哪条线段
    this.index = index;
    // 线段颜色
    this.color = color;
}

初始化线段

// 原始线段
var chartLines = new Array();
// 处于放大镜中的原始线段
var glassLines;
// 放大后的线段
var scaleGlassLines;
// 位于放大镜中的线段数量
var glassLineSize;

function initLines() {

    var line;
    line = new Line(200.5, 400, 200.5, 200, 0, "#888");
    chartLines.push(line);
    line = new Line(201.5, 400, 201.5, 20, 1, "#888");
    chartLines.push(line);


    glassLineSize = chartLines.length;
    glassLines = new Array(glassLineSize);
    for (var i = 0; i < glassLineSize; i++) {
        line = new Line(0, 0, 0, 0, i);
        glassLines[i] = line;
    }

    scaleGlassLines = new Array(glassLineSize);
    for (var i = 0; i < glassLineSize; i++) {
        line = new Line(0, 0, 0, 0, i);
        scaleGlassLines[i] = line;
    }
}

绘制线段

function drawLines() {
    var line;
    context.lineWidth = 1;

    for (var i = 0; i < chartLines.length; i++) {
        line = chartLines[i];
        context.beginPath();
        context.strokeStyle = line.color;
        context.moveTo(line.xStart, line.yStart);
        context.lineTo(line.xEnd, line.yEnd);
        context.stroke();
    }
}

计算原始区域和放大镜区域

function calGlassRectangle(point) {
    originalRectangle.x = point.x - originalRadius;
    originalRectangle.y = point.y - originalRadius;
    originalRectangle.width = originalRadius * 2;
    originalRectangle.height = originalRadius * 2;

    scaleGlassRectangle.width = originalRectangle.width * scale;
    scaleGlassRectangle.height = originalRectangle.height * scale;
    scaleGlassRectangle.x = originalRectangle.x + originalRectangle.width / 2 - scaleGlassRectangle.width / 2;
    scaleGlassRectangle.y = originalRectangle.y + originalRectangle.height / 2 - scaleGlassRectangle.height / 2;

    // 将值装换为整数
    scaleGlassRectangle.width = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.width);
    scaleGlassRectangle.height = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.height);
    scaleGlassRectangle.x = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.x);
    scaleGlassRectangle.y = parseInt(scaleGlassRectangle.y);
}

计算线段在新坐标系统的位置

由原理图我们知道，放大镜中使用坐标系的图例要比原始坐标系更加精确，比如原始坐标系使用 1:100，那么放大镜坐标系使用 1:10，因此我们需要重新计算线段在放大镜坐标系中的位置。同时为了简便，我们将线段的原始坐标进行了转化，减去原始区域起始的x值和y值，即将原始区域左上角的点看做为(0,0)。

function calScaleLines() {
    var xStart = originalRectangle.x;
    var xEnd = originalRectangle.x + originalRectangle.width;
    var yStart = originalRectangle.y;
    var yEnd = originalRectangle.y + originalRectangle.height;
    var line, gLine, sgLine;
    var glassLineIndex = 0;
    for (var i = 0; i < chartLines.length; i++) {
        line = chartLines[i];

        // 判断线段是否在放大镜中
        if (line.xStart < xStart || line.xEnd > xEnd) {
            continue;
        }
        if (line.yEnd > yEnd || line.yStart < yStart) {
            continue;
        }

        gLine = glassLines[glassLineIndex];
        sgLine = scaleGlassLines[glassLineIndex];
        if (line.yEnd > yEnd) {
            gLine.yEnd = yEnd;
        }
        if (line.yStart < yStart) {
            gLine.yStart = yStart;
        }

        gLine.xStart = line.xStart - xStart;
        gLine.yStart = line.yStart - yStart;
        gLine.xEnd = line.xEnd - xStart;
        gLine.yEnd = line.yEnd - yStart;

        sgLine.xStart = parseInt(gLine.xStart * scale);
        sgLine.yStart = parseInt(gLine.yStart * scale);
        sgLine.xEnd = parseInt(gLine.xEnd * scale);
        sgLine.yEnd = parseInt(gLine.yEnd * scale);
        sgLine.color = line.color;
        glassLineIndex++;
    }
    glassLineSize = glassLineIndex;
}

绘制放大镜中心点

绘制放大镜中心的瞄准器

function drawAnchor() {
    context.beginPath();
    context.lineWidth = 2;
    context.fillStyle = "#fff";
    context.strokeStyle = "#000";
    context.arc(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), 10, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);

    var radius = 15;
    context.moveTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x - radius), parseInt(centerPoint.y));
    context.lineTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x + radius), parseInt(centerPoint.y));
    context.moveTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y - radius));
    context.lineTo(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y + radius));
    //context.fill();
    context.stroke();
}

绘制放大镜

function drawMagnifyingGlass() {

    calScaleLines();

    context.save();
    context.beginPath();
    context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
    context.clip();

    context.beginPath();
    context.fillStyle = "#fff";
    context.arc(centerPoint.x, centerPoint.y, originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
    context.fill();

    context.lineWidth = 4;
    for (var i = 0; i < glassLineSize; i++) {
        context.beginPath();
        context.strokeStyle = scaleGlassLines[i].color;
        context.moveTo(scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassLines[i].xStart, scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassLines[i].yStart);
        context.lineTo(scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassLines[i].xEnd, scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassLines[i].yEnd);
        context.stroke();
    }
    context.restore();

    context.beginPath();
    var gradient = context.createRadialGradient(
        parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), originalRadius - 5,
        parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), originalRadius);

    gradient.addColorStop(0.50, &#39;silver&#39;);
    gradient.addColorStop(0.90, &#39;silver&#39;);
    gradient.addColorStop(1, &#39;black&#39;);
    context.strokeStyle = gradient;
    context.lineWidth = 5;
    context.arc(parseInt(centerPoint.x), parseInt(centerPoint.y), originalRadius, 0, Math.PI * 2, false);
    context.stroke();

    drawAnchor();
}

添加事件

鼠标拖动

鼠标移动到放大镜上，然后按下鼠标左键，可以拖动放大镜，不按鼠标左键或者不在放大镜区域都不可以拖动放大镜。
为了实现上面的效果，我们要实现3种事件 mousedown, mousemove, 'mouseup', 当鼠标按下时，检测是否在放大镜区域，如果在，设置放大镜可以移动。鼠标移动时更新放大镜中兴点的坐标。鼠标松开时，设置放大镜不可以被移动。

canvas.onmousedown = function (e) {
    var point = windowToCanvas(e.clientX, e.clientY);
    var x1, x2, y1, y2, dis;

    x1 = point.x;
    y1 = point.y;
    x2 = centerPoint.x;
    y2 = centerPoint.y;
    dis = Math.pow(x2 - x1, 2) + Math.pow(y2 - y1, 2);
    if (dis < Math.pow(originalRadius, 2)) {
        lastPoint.x = point.x;
        lastPoint.y = point.y;
        moveGlass = true;
    }
}

canvas.onmousemove = function (e) {
    if (moveGlass) {
        var xDis, yDis;
        var point = windowToCanvas(e.clientX, e.clientY);
        xDis = point.x - lastPoint.x;
        yDis = point.y - lastPoint.y;
        centerPoint.x += xDis;
        centerPoint.y += yDis;
        lastPoint.x = point.x;
        lastPoint.y = point.y;
        draw();
    }
}

canvas.onmouseup = function (e) {
    moveGlass = false;
}

鼠标双击

当移动到对应的线段上时，鼠标双击可以选择该线段，将该线段的颜色变为红色。

canvas.ondblclick = function (e) {
    var xStart, xEnd, yStart, yEnd;
    var clickPoint = {};
    clickPoint.x = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleGlassRectangle.width / 2;
    clickPoint.y = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleGlassRectangle.height / 2;
    var index = -1;

    for (var i = 0; i < scaleGlassLines.length; i++) {
        var scaleLine = scaleGlassLines[i];

        xStart = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleLine.xStart - 3;
        xEnd = scaleGlassRectangle.x + scaleLine.xStart + 3;
        yStart = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleLine.yStart;
        yEnd = scaleGlassRectangle.y + scaleLine.yEnd;

        if (clickPoint.x > xStart && clickPoint.x < xEnd && clickPoint.y < yStart && clickPoint.y > yEnd) {
            scaleLine.color = "#f00";
            index = scaleLine.index;
            break;
        }
    }

    for (var i = 0; i < chartLines.length; i++) {
        var line = chartLines[i];
        if (line.index == index) {
            line.color = "#f00";
        } else {
            line.color = "#888";
        }
    }

    draw();
}

键盘事件

因为线段离得比较近，所以使用鼠标移动很难精确的选中线段，这里使用键盘的w, a, s, d 来进行精确移动

document.onkeyup = function (e) {
    if (e.key == 'w') {
        centerPoint.y = intAdd(centerPoint.y, -0.2);
    }
    if (e.key == 'a') {
        centerPoint.x = intAdd(centerPoint.x, -0.2);
    }
    if (e.key == 's') {
        centerPoint.y = intAdd(centerPoint.y, 0.2);
    }
    if (e.key == 'd') {
        centerPoint.x = intAdd(centerPoint.x, 0.2);
    }
    draw();
}

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