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HomeWeb Front-endJS TutorialLet's talk about the differences between var, let and const (code example)

本篇文章给大家带来了关于JavaScript的相关知识,其中主要给大家介绍了var、let以及const的区别有哪些,还有ECMAScript 和 JavaScript的关系介绍,感兴趣的朋友一起来看一下吧,希望对大家有帮助。

Let's talk about the differences between var, let and const (code example)

什么是JavaScript?

首先,ECMAScript 和 JavaScript 什么关系?

  • ECMAScript是一个国际通过的标准化脚本语言。
  • JavaScript由ECMAScript和DOM、BOM三者组成。 可以简单理解为:ECMAScript是JavaScript的语言规范,JavaScript是ECMAScript的实现和扩展。

var、let、const的区别?

1. var声明变量存在变量提升,let和const不存在变量提升

console.log(a); // undefined  ===>  a已声明还没赋值,默认得到undefined值
console.log(b); // 报错:b is not defined  ===> 找不到b这个变量
console.log(c); // 报错:c is not defined  ===> 找不到c这个变量
var a = 100;	
let b = 10;
const c = 10;
console.log(a);//a=100

2. let和const只能在块作用域里访问

if(1){
    var a = 100;
    let b = 10;
    const c = 1;
}

console.log(a); // 100
console.log(b)  // 报错:b is not defined  ===> 找不到b这个变量
console.log(c)  // 报错:c is not defined  ===> 找不到c这个变量

3. 同一作用域下let和const不能声明同名变量,而var可以

var a = 100;
console.log(a); //控制台输出 100

var a = 10;
console.log(a); //控制台输出 10

let a = 100;
let a = 10;

//  控制台报错:Identifier 'a' has already been declared  ===> 标识符a已经被声明了。

4. const定义常量,而且不能修改,但是在定义的对象时对象属性值可以改变

 const a=2
 a=3
 console.log(a)  //控制台报错
const person = {
    name : 'make',
    sex : '男'
}

person.name = 'test'

console.log(person.name)    //运行发现控制台没有报错,且 person.name 被成功修改

????这是怎么回事呢?

因为对象是引用类型的,person中保存的仅是对象的指针,而修改对象的属性不会改变对象的指针,所以这种情况就会修改成功。也就是说const定义的引用类型只要指针不发生改变,都是被允许的。

接下来我们试着修改一下指针,让person指向一个新对象,最后果然报错

const person = {
  name : 'make',
  sex : '男'}person = {
  name : 'test',
  sex : '男'}console.log(person.name)  //控制台报错

5. 小结

  • var定义的变量变量提升,没有块的概念,可以跨块访问

  • let定义的变量只能在块作用域里访问,不能声明同名变量。

  • const用来定义常量,使用时必须初始化(即必须赋值),不能声明同名变量,只能在块作用域里访问,而且不能修改,但是在定义的对象时对象属性值可以改变。

  • 他们都不能跨函数访问

推荐学习:《JavaScript视频教程

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