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How to use cat command in linux

青灯夜游
青灯夜游Original
2022-11-29 20:11:5310554browse

In Linux, the cat command can be used to view the contents of a file without opening it in any text editor. It can also append the contents of several files to another file, that is, connect and merge files. . When viewing the file content, if it is in the same directory containing the file, the syntax is "cat [option] [filename]..."; if it is in another directory, the syntax is "cat [option] [path/to/file" ]...".

How to use cat command in linux

The operating environment of this tutorial: Ubuntu 18.04 system, Dell G3 computer.

Introduction to the cat command in Linux

The Cat command (abbreviation for concatenate) is one of the most widely used command line utilities in the Linux operating system. It is a standard Linux utility for viewing the contents of a file without opening it in any text editor. Another major use of the cat command is to concatenate multiple files into a single file. There are several other usages of the cat command in Linux, which we will discuss in this article so that you understand how it works in different scenarios.

The following are some basic functions of the cat command:

  • Display file contents
  • Create new files
  • Merge files
  • Copy file contents

Note that we use the Ubuntu 18.04 LTS operating system to demonstrate the commands and procedures mentioned in this article.

Basic Syntax

The basic syntax for using the Cat command is:

cat [option] [filename]...

If you are in the same directory that contains the file, use the above command . Otherwise, if you are in another directory, please explain the path of the file as follows:

cat [option] [path/to/file]...

If you want to connect the merged files

cat filename1 filename2 > filename3

Common options and meanings of the cat command

Option Meaning
-A is equivalent to the integration of the -vET option, Used to list all hidden symbols;
-E List the carriage return character $ at the end of each line;
-n Numbers all lines in the output;
-b is different from -n. This option means that only non-blank lines are numbered. .
-T Display the Tab key^I;
-V List Special characters;
-s When encountering more than 2 consecutive blank lines, they will be replaced with 1 blank line.

注意,cat 命令用于查看文件内容时,不论文件内容有多少,都会一次性显示。如果文件非常大,那么文件开头的内容就看不到了。不过 Linux 可以使用PgUp+上箭头组合键向上翻页,但是这种翻页是有极限的,如果文件足够长,那么还是无法看全文件的内容。

cat命令的使用示例

显示文件内容

cat命令最常见和最基本的用法是显示文件内容。 为了将文件内容显示到终端,只需键入cat和文件名,如下所示:

[linuxmi@linux:~/linuxmi迷]$ cat linuxmi.txt

How to use cat command in linux

一个示例是显示 /etc/hostname文件的内容。 在这种情况下,命令将是:

[linuxmi@linux:~/linuxmi迷]$ cat /etc/hostname

How to use cat command in linux

显示所有文件的内容

要显示当前目录中的所有文件,请在cat命令中使用通配符,如下所示:

[linuxmi@linux:~/linuxmi迷]$ cat *

How to use cat command in linux

要仅显示目录中文本文件的内容,请输入以下命令:

 [linuxmi@linux:~/linuxmi迷]$ cat *.txt

How to use cat command in linux

一次显示多个文件

您还可以使用cat命令在终端中组合并显示多个文件的内容。 要同时显示多个文件,请使用以下语法:

[linuxmi@linux:~/linuxmi迷]$ cat /etc/hostname /etc/resolv.conf linuxmi1.txt

一个示例是在终端中查看所有三个文件/etc/hostname、/etc/resolv.conf、linuxmi1的输出,如以下屏幕快照所示:

How to use cat command in linux

将一个文件的输出复制到另一个文件

它还可以用于将一个文件的输出复制到另一文件。如果目标文件不存在,它将首先创建它,否则将覆盖目标文件。

要将源文件的输出复制到另一个文件,请使用以下语法:

$ Cat [源文件] > [目标文件]

例如,将一个linuxmi1.txt的输出复制到另一个名为linuxmi2.txt的文件中,如下所示:

$ cat linuxmi1.txt > linuxmi2.txt

How to use cat command in linux

此命令将首先创建文件linuxmi2.txt,然后将linuxmi1.txt的内容复制到该文件。

将文件输出附加到另一个文件

除了在上面的示例中覆盖目标文件的输出外,还可以使cat命令附加输出。以下语法可用于此目的:

$ cat [源文件] >> [目标文件]

如果目标文件尚不存在,它将创建目标文件,否则将附加输出。

将多个文件复制到另一个文本文件/拼接文件

cat命令的另一个主要用途是可以将多个文件拼接为一个文件。可以使用以下语法来拼接linuxmi1,linuxmi2和linuxmi3并将它们保存到另一个名为linuxmi4.txt的文件中。

$ cat [linuxmi1] [linuxmi2] [linuxmi3] > [linuxmi4]

例如,我们要将/etc/hostname、/etc/resolv.conf和/etc/hosts文件的输出连接到另一个名为linuxmi.txt的文件。以下命令可用于此目的:

$ cat /etc/hostname /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hosts > linuxmi.txt

How to use cat command in linux

在文件中显示行号

要显示文件输出的行号,只需使用–n标志即可:

$ cat -n linuxmi.py

表的文件,则可以使用–n标志显示带有数字的项目。请记住,空行也已编号,如以下屏幕截图所示:

How to use cat command in linux

如果您不想给空行编号,请使用–b标志,如下所示:

$ cat –b linuxmi.py

建立档案

您还可以使用cat命令创建文件。以下语法可用于此目的:

$ cat > linuxmi

输入上述命令后,输入要存储在文件中的文本。完成后,使用Ctrl + D保存并退出。之后,可以在终端中执行以下命令来查看新创建文件的内容:

$ cat linuxmi

如下图:

How to use cat command in linux

排序输出

您还可以将sort与cat命令结合使用,以按字母顺序对输出进行排序,如下所示:

$ cat linuxmi | sort

How to use cat command in linux

同样,在有多个文件的情况下,可以按字母顺序将输出连接到一个文件中:

$ cat [linuxmi1] [linuxmi2] | sort > [linuxmi3]

删除连续的空行

有时文件包含您不想打印的连续的空行。 Cat命令允许合并那些连续的空行,并将它们显示为一个空行。

使用以下命令语法删除重复的空行:

$ cat –s [linuxmi]

例如,我们有以下文件,其中包含连续的空行。

通过使用-s标志,您将看到区别。

显示制表符

$ cat –t [linuxmi]

使用-t选项可以显示的查看内容中哪些地方使用了tab制表符,有制表符的地方会显示为^I

打印文件输出

cat命令的另一种流行用法是在文档的打印内容中。例如,要将文件的输出打印到名为/dev/lp的打印设备上,将使用以下语法:

$ cat [linuxmi] > /dev/lp

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