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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial关于PHP中Session文件过多的问题及session文件保存位置_PHP

PHP的默认机制:每一次php请求,会有1/100的概率(默认值)触发“session回收”。如果“session回收”发生,那就会检查/tmp/sess_*的文件,如果最后的修改时间到现在超过了1440秒(gc_maxlifetime的值),就将其删除,意味着这些session过期失效

一、session文件是什么

文件一般为 /tmp/sessions/sess_4b1e384ad74619bd212e236e52a5a174If

username|s:9:"test";admin|s:1:"0";

二、session回收何时发生

默认情况下,每一次php请求,就会有1/100的概率发生回收,所以可能简单的理解为“每100次php请求就有一次回收发生”。这个概率是通过以下参数控制的

#概率是gc_probability/gc_divisor
session.gc_probability = 1
session.gc_divisor = 100 

假设这种情况gc_maxlifetime=120,如果某个session文件最后修改时间是120秒之前,那么在下一次回收(1/100的概率)发生前,这个session仍然是有效的。

如果你的session使用session.save_path中使用别的地方保存session,session回收机制有可能不会自动处理过期session文件。这时需要定时手动(或者crontab)的删除过期的session

三、设置session存储目录

使用php5-fpm的话, 修改/etc/php5/fpm/php.ini, 修改或添加下面一行:

session.save_path = 3;600:/tmp/sessions 

四、session清除脚本

#!/bin/sh
find /tmp/php-session -cmin +24 -name "sess_*" -and -size 0 -delete > /dev/null 2>&1
find /tmp/php-session -cmin +1440 -name "sess_*" -delete > /dev/null 2>&1 

这里的时间我们可以通过 session.gc_maxlifetime 来获取,放到定时任务里面即可(crontab)

其他方式

使用memcache 等 ,(session.save_handler = memcache)

使用cookie,但是cookie得加密

五、使用tmfs存储session

1、将/tmp挂载为 tmpfs文件系统

修改/etc/fstab,在最后一行添加如下内容:/tmp/sessions tmpfs defaults,size=5120m 0 0

mount -a  

2、创建session存储文件夹

php并不会自动去创建这些文件夹,不过在源文件中提供了一些创建文件夹的脚本。下面这个脚本也好用,脚本内容如下

#!/bin/sh
dir="0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b c d e f"
for levela in $dir;
do
for levelb in $dir;
do
for levelc in $dir;
do
mkdir -p /tmp/sessions/$levela/$levelb/$levelc;
done
done;
done
chown -R root:webgrp /tmp/sessions && chmod -R 1777 /tmp/sessions 

因为/tmp/sessions是用的内存,服务器重启后,里面的所有文件都会丢失,所以,需要把上面的脚本加入到 /etc/rc.local中,并且要放在启动php之前

3、将session存储到不同的目录中

php本身支持session的多级散列,在php.ini中,将 ;session.save_path = /tmp 改为

session.save_path = "3;/tmp/sessions 

4、session的回收

使用上面的脚本即可

下面给大家说下php session 数据保存在哪里?

当然是在服务器端,但不是保存在内存中,而是保存在文件或数据库中。

默认情况下,php.ini 中设置的 SESSION 保存方式是 files(session.save_handler = files),即使用读写文件的方式保存 SESSION 数据,而 SESSION 文件保存的目录由 session.save_path 指定,文件名以 sess_ 为前缀,后跟 SESSION ID,如:sess_c72665af28a8b14c0fe11afe3b59b51b。文件中的数据即是序列化之后的 SESSION 数据了。

如果访问量大,可能产生的 SESSION 文件会比较多,这时可以设置分级目录进行 SESSION 文件的保存,效率会提高很多,设置方法为:session.save_path="N;/save_path",N 为分级的级数,save_path 为开始目录。

当写入 SESSION 数据的时候,PHP 会获取到客户端的 SESSION_ID,然后根据这个 SESSION ID 到指定的 SESSION 文件保存目录中找到相应的 SESSION 文件,不存在则创建之,最后将数据序列化之后写入文件。读取 SESSION 数据是也是类似的操作流程,对读出来的数据需要进行解序列化,生成相应的 SESSION 变量。

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