首先建立两个文件： change.html 和 change.php
change.html 文件的表单代码如下：
<html> <head> <title>change file example.</title> <meta charset="UTF-8"> </head> <body> <form method="post" action="changefile.php" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <table border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=center width="100%"> <tr> <td width=55 height=20 align="center"> <input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="2000000" /> 文件： </td> <td> <input name="file" type="file" /> <input type="submit" name="submit" value="submit" /> </td> </tr> </table> </form> </body> </html>
这里有几个要注意的地方，首先看这句这里我们采用POST方法，个别浏览器还支持PUT方法，当然这需要对脚本进行修改，我并不建议这么做。表单中必须设置enctype="multipart/form-data，这样，服务器就知道上传文件带有常规表单信息，记住，这个是必须设置的。此外还需要一个隐藏域来限制上传文件的最大长度：，这里name必须设置成MAX_FILE_SIZE，其值就是上传文件的最大长度，单位是B，这里我限制成2M。再看这句：，type="file"说明了文件类型，这样一个基本的上传文件接口就完成了，接下来讲讲如何用PHP来处理上传的文件，此外你的php.ini中设置的上传文件最大长度可能会影响到你的实际上传，请根据实际情况修改，另PHP的上传是先传到临时目录，在移至指定目录的，了；临时目录的可根据需要修改，也可使用默认值……
以下为表单提交change.php文件代码，来看看这个文件都有什么：
<?php
header("content-type:text/html;charset=utf-8");
/**
* @param string $oldfile 需要更换的文件名（包含具体路径名）
*/
function changeFile($oldfile){
$newfile = $_FILES['file']['name'];//获取上传文件名
$fileclass = substr(strrchr($newfile, '.'), 1);//获取上传文件扩展名,做判断用
$type = array("jpg", "gif", "bmp", "jpeg", "png");//设置允许上传文件的类型
if(in_array(strtolower($fileclass), $type)){
if(file_exists($oldfile)){
unlink($oldfile);
}
if(is_uploaded_file($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'])){//必须通过 PHP 的 HTTP POST 上传机制所上传的
if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], $oldfile)){
//输出图片预览
echo "<center>您的文件已经上传完毕 上传图片预览: </center><br><center><img src='$oldfile' alt="php实现图片上传并进行替换操作_PHP" ></center>";
}
}else{
echo "<center>上传失败，文件大于2M，请重新上传！</center>";
}
}else{
$text = implode(",", $type);
echo "<center>您只能上传以下类型文件：", $text, "</center><br>";
// echo "<script>alert('您只能上传以下类型文件：$text')</script>";
}
}
changeFile("./files/1.png");
刚看这些你可能有点晕～～，慢慢看，你就会发现其实这玩意SO EASY！！先讲下原理，该程序以上传图片为例，先判断文件类型是否为图片格式，若是则上传文件，接着上传文件到并替换指定文件，成功上传则输出上传的图片预览。这里要对程序中一些函数作些解释。先看substr(strrchr($newfile, '.'), 1)， strrchar()函数有什么作用呢，我举个例子大家就知道，比如一个图片文件 pic.jpg，我们用 strrchar()处理，strrchr(pic.jpg,'.')，它将返回.jpg，明白了吗？该函数返回指定字符在该字符串最后出现的位置后的字符串。配合 substr() 我们就可以取到jpg，这样我们就得到了文件的后缀名，来判断上传文件是否符合指定格式。本程序把指定的格式放在一个数组中，实际使用时可根据需要添加。
接着，我们调用判断文件类型的函数，并将其转化为小写strtolower($_FILES['file']['name'])，这里有个很关键的东东$_FILES ，这是个超级全局数组，保存了需要处理的表单数据，如果开启了register_globals，也可以直接访问，但这是不安全的。看刚才那个上传接口name="file" type="file">，根据这个表单名称，我们可以得到很多信息：
$_FILES['file']['name']-- 得到文件名称
$_FILES['file']['tmp_name']--得到临时存储位置
$_FILES['file']['size']--得到文件大小
$_FILES['file']['type']--得到文件MIME类型
得到这些信息，就可以轻松判断文件的信息了，是不是很方便？^_^，接下来还有一些函数需要了解，file_exists()--判断指定目录是否存在，不存在我们当然不能上传（好像是废话！），is_uploaded_file--判断文件是否已经通过HTTP POST上传，move_uploaded_file--将上传文件移至指定目录。成功上传，我们就输出预览，否则输出上传失败……
内容很详细，过程也记录下来供大家仔细研究，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。
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