css transformation has 6 attributes: 1. transform, which applies 2D or 3D transformation to elements; 2. transform-origin, which allows users to change the position of the transformed element; 3. transform-style, which specifies to be nested How elements are displayed in 3D space; 4. perspective, stipulates the perspective effect of 3D elements; 5. perspective-origin, stipulates the bottom position of 3D elements; 6. backface-visibility.
The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, CSS3&&HTML5 version, Dell G3 computer.
CSS3 transformations can move, scale, rotate, lengthen or stretch elements. The effect of a transformation is to make an element change its shape, size and position.
css transformation (transformation) property
| Property |
Description | CSS |
|---|---|---|
| transform | Apply a 2D or 3D transform to an element. | 3 |
| transform-origin | Allows you to change the position of the element being transformed. | 3 |
| transform-style | Specifies how nested elements are displayed in 3D space. | 3 |
| perspective | Specifies the perspective effect of 3D elements. | 3 |
| perspective-origin | Specifies the bottom position of the 3D element. | 3 |
| backface-visibility | Defines whether the element is visible when not facing the screen. | 3 |
CSS3 transform attribute
Function: The transform attribute is applied to the element 2D or 3D conversion. This property allows us to rotate, scale, move or tilt the element.
Grammar:
transform: none|transform-functions;
Usage example
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
*, *:after, *:before {
box-sizing: border-box;
}
body {
background: #F5F3F4;
margin: 0;
padding: 10px;
font-family: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;
text-align: center;
}
h2, h4 {
font-weight: 400;
color: #4d4d4d;
}
.card {
display: inline-block;
margin: 10px;
background: #fff;
padding: 10px;
min-width: 180px;
box-shadow: 0 3px 5px #ddd;
color: #555;
}
.card .box {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
margin: auto;
background: #ddd;
cursor: pointer;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px #ccc inset;
}
.card .box .fill {
width: 60px;
height: 60px;
position: relative;
background: #03A9F4;
opacity: .5;
box-shadow: 0 0 5px #ccc;
-webkit-transition: 0.3s;
transition: 0.3s;
}
.card p {
margin: 25px 0 0;
}
.rotate:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.rotateX:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: rotateX(45deg);
transform: rotateX(45deg);
}
.rotateY:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: rotateY(45deg);
transform: rotateY(45deg);
}
.rotateZ:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: rotate(45deg);
transform: rotate(45deg);
}
.scale:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: scale(2, 2);
transform: scale(2, 2);
}
.scaleX:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: scaleX(2);
transform: scaleX(2);
}
.scaleY:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: scaleY(2);
transform: scaleY(2);
}
.skew:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: skew(45deg, 45deg);
transform: skew(45deg, 45deg);
}
.skewX:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: skewX(45deg);
transform: skewX(45deg);
}
.skewY:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: skewY(45deg);
transform: skewY(45deg);
}
.translate:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: translate(45px, 1em);
transform: translate(45px, 1em);
}
.translateX:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: translateX(45px);
transform: translateX(45px);
}
.translateY:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: translateY(45px);
transform: translateY(45px);
}
.matrix:hover .fill {
-webkit-transform: matrix(2, 2, 0, 2, 45, 0);
transform: matrix(2, 2, 0, 2, 45, 0);
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Rotate-->
<div class="card">
<div class="box rotate">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>rotate(45deg) </p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box rotateX">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>rotateX(45deg)</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box rotateY">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>rotateY(45deg)</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box rotateZ">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>rotateZ(45deg) </p>
</div>
<!-- scale-->
<div class="card">
<div class="box scale">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>scale(2)</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box scaleX">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>scaleX(2) </p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box scaleY">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>scaleY(2) </p>
</div>
<!-- skew-->
<div class="card">
<div class="box skew">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>skew(45deg, 45deg) </p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box skewX">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>skewX(45deg)</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box skewY">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>skewY(45deg)</p>
</div>
<!-- translate-->
<div class="card">
<div class="box translate">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>translate(45px) </p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box translateX">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>translateX(45px)</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box translateY">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p>translateY(45px)</p>
</div>
<div class="card">
<div class="box matrix">
<div class="fill"></div>
</div>
<p> matrix(2, 2, 0, 2, 45, 0)</p>
</div>
</body>
</html>Rendering:
CSS3 transform-origin attribute
Function: The transform-origin attribute allows you to change the position of the transformed element. 2D transform elements change the element's x and y axes. 3D transform elements can also change their Z-axis.
Syntax:
transform-origin: x-axis y-axis z-axis;
| Defines where on the X-axis the view is placed. Possible values: ● left ● center ● right
|
|
| Defines where on the Y-axis the view is placed. Possible values: ● top ● center ● bottom ● length ● % | |
| Defines where on the Z axis the view is placed. Possible values: length |
| 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| number | 元素距离视图的距离，以像素计。 |
| none | 默认值。与 0 相同。不设置透视。 |
注释：perspective 属性只影响 3D 转换元素。
提示：请与 perspective-origin 属性一同使用该属性，这样您就能够改变 3D 元素的底部位置。
使用示例：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
#div1
{
position: relative;
height: 150px;
width: 150px;
margin: 50px;
padding:10px;
border: 1px solid black;
perspective:150px;
-webkit-perspective:150px; /* Safari and Chrome */
}
#div2
{
padding:50px;
position: absolute;
border: 1px solid black;
background-color: red;
transform: rotateX(45deg);
-webkit-transform: rotateX(45deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<div id="div2">HELLO</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS3 perspective-origin属性
perspective-origin 属性定义 3D 元素所基于的 X 轴和 Y 轴。该属性允许您改变 3D 元素的底部位置。
定义时的perspective -Origin属性，它是一个元素的子元素，透视图，而不是元素本身。
perspective-origin: x-axis y-axis;
| 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| x-axis |
定义该视图在 x 轴上的位置。默认值：50%。 可能的值：
|
| y-axis |
定义该视图在 y 轴上的位置。默认值：50%。 可能的值：
|
使用示例：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<style>
#div1
{
position: relative;
height: 150px;
width: 150px;
margin: 50px;
padding:10px;
border: 1px solid black;
perspective:150;
perspective-origin: 10% 10%;
-webkit-perspective:150; /* Safari and Chrome */
-webkit-perspective-origin: 10% 10%; /* Safari and Chrome */
}
#div2
{
padding:50px;
position: absolute;
border: 1px solid black;
background-color: red;
transform: rotateX(45deg);
-webkit-transform: rotateX(45deg); /* Safari and Chrome */
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div id="div1">
<div id="div2">HELLO</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
CSS3 backface-visibility属性
作用：backface-visibility 属性定义当元素不面向屏幕时是否可见。如果在旋转元素不希望看到其背面时，该属性很有用。
语法：
backface-visibility: visible|hidden;
visible：背面是可见的。
hidden：背面是不可见的。
注：只有 Internet Explorer 10+ 和 Firefox 支持 backface-visibility 属性；Opera 15+、Safari 和 Chrome 支持需使用-webkit-backface-visibility 属性替代。
使用示例
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<style>
div
{
position:relative;
height:60px;
width:60px;
border:1px solid #000;
background-color:yellow;
transform:rotateY(180deg);
-webkit-transform:rotateY(180deg); /* Chrome and Safari */
-moz-transform:rotateY(180deg); /* Firefox */
}
#div1
{
-webkit-backface-visibility:hidden;
-moz-backface-visibility:hidden;
-ms-backface-visibility:hidden;
}
#div2
{
-webkit-backface-visibility:visible;
-moz-backface-visibility:visible;
-ms-backface-visibility:visible;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>本例有两个 div 元素，均旋转 180 度，背向用户。</p>
<p>第一个 div 元素的 backface-visibility 属性设置为 "hidden"，所以应该是不可见的。</p>
<div id="div1">DIV 1</div>
<p>第二个 div 元素的 backface-visibility 属性设置为 "visible"，所以是可见的。</p>
<div id="div2">DIV 2</div>
<p><b>注释：</b>本例只在 Internet Explorer 10、Firefox、Chrome 以及 Safari 中有效。</p>
</body>
</html>效果图：
（学习视频分享：web前端）
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