Usage of namedtuple function in python analysis

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【Related recommendations: Python3 video tutorial】

Source code explanation:

def namedtuple(typename, field_names, *, rename=False, defaults=None, module=None):
    """Returns a new subclass of tuple with named fields.
    >>> Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
    >>> Point.__doc__                   # docstring for the new class
    'Point(x, y)'
    >>> p = Point(11, y=22)             # instantiate with positional args or keywords
    >>> p[0] + p[1]                     # indexable like a plain tuple
    33
    >>> x, y = p                        # unpack like a regular tuple
    >>> x, y
    (11, 22)
    >>> p.x + p.y                       # fields also accessible by name
    33
    >>> d = p._asdict()                 # convert to a dictionary
    >>> d['x']
    11
    >>> Point(**d)                      # convert from a dictionary
    Point(x=11, y=22)
    >>> p._replace(x=100)               # _replace() is like str.replace() but targets named fields
    Point(x=100, y=22)
    """

Grammar structure:

namedtuple(typename, field_names, *, rename=False, defaults=None, module=None)

• typename: represents the name of a newly created tuple.
• field_names: is the content of the tuple, which is a list-like ['x', 'y']

named tuple, making the tuple It can be accessed using key like a list (and can also be accessed using index).

collections.namedtuple is a factory function that can be used to construct a tuple with field names and a named class.

Creating a named tuple requires two parameters, one is the class name, and the other is the name of each field of the class.

The data stored in the corresponding field must be passed into the constructor in the form of a series of parameters (note that the tuple constructor only accepts a single iterable object).

Named tuples also have some unique properties of their own. The most useful: class attributes _fields, class method _make(iterable) and instance method _asdict().

Sample code 1:

from collections import namedtuple
 
# 定义一个命名元祖city，City类，有name/country/population/coordinates四个字段
city = namedtuple('City', 'name country population coordinates')
tokyo = city('Tokyo', 'JP', 36.933, (35.689, 139.69))
print(tokyo)
 
# _fields 类属性,返回一个包含这个类所有字段名称的元组
print(city._fields)
 
# 定义一个命名元祖latLong，LatLong类，有lat/long两个字段
latLong = namedtuple('LatLong', 'lat long')
delhi_data = ('Delhi NCR', 'IN', 21.935, latLong(28.618, 77.208))
 
# 用 _make() 通过接受一个可迭代对象来生成这个类的一个实例，作用跟City(*delhi_data)相同
delhi = city._make(delhi_data)
 
# _asdict() 把具名元组以 collections.OrderedDict 的形式返回，可以利用它来把元组里的信息友好地呈现出来。
print(delhi._asdict())

Running result:

Sample code 2:

from collections import namedtuple
 
Person = namedtuple('Person', ['age', 'height', 'name'])
data2 = [Person(10, 1.4, 'xiaoming'), Person(12, 1.5, 'xiaohong')]
print(data2)
 
res = data2[0].age
print(res)
 
res2 = data2[1].name
print(res2)

Running result:

##Sample code 3:

from collections import namedtuple
card = namedtuple('Card', ['rank', 'suit'])  # 定义一个命名元祖card，Card类，有rank和suit两个字段
class FrenchDeck(object):
    ranks = [str(n) for n in range(2, 5)] + list('XYZ')
    suits = 'AA BB CC DD'.split()  # 生成一个列表，用空格将字符串分隔成列表
 
    def __init__(self):
        # 生成一个命名元组组成的列表，将suits、ranks两个列表的元素分别作为命名元组rank、suit的值。
        self._cards = [card(rank, suit) for suit in self.suits for rank in self.ranks]
        print(self._cards)
 
    # 获取列表的长度
    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._cards)
    # 根据索引取值
    def __getitem__(self, item):
        return self._cards[item]
f = FrenchDeck()
print(f.__len__())
print(f.__getitem__(3))

Run result:

Example code 4:

from collections import namedtuple
 
person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name'])
 
p1 = person('san', 'zhang')
print(p1)
print('first item is:', (p1.first_name, p1[0]))
print('second item is', (p1.last_name, p1[1]))

Run Result:

Sample code 5: [_make creates an instance from an existing sequence or iteration]

from collections import namedtuple
course = namedtuple('Course', ['course_name', 'classroom', 'teacher', 'course_data'])
math = course('math', 'ERB001', 'Xiaoming', '09-Feb')
print(math)
print(math.course_name, math.course_data)
course_list = [
    ('computer_science', 'CS001', 'Jack_ma', 'Monday'),
    ('EE', 'EE001', 'Dr.han', 'Friday'),
    ('Pyhsics', 'EE001', 'Prof.Chen', 'None')
]
for k in course_list:
    course_i = course._make(k)
    print(course_i)

Run result:

Sample code 6: [_asdict returns a new ordereddict, mapping field names to corresponding values]

from collections import namedtuple
person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name'])
zhang_san = ('Zhang', 'San')
p = person._make(zhang_san)
print(p)
# 返回的类型不是dict，而是orderedDict
print(p._asdict())

Run result:

Sample code 7: [_replace returns a new instance and replaces it with Replace the specified field with the new value】

from collections import namedtuple
person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name'])
zhang_san = ('Zhang', 'San')
p = person._make(zhang_san)
print(p)
p_replace = p._replace(first_name='Wang')
print(p_replace)
print(p)
p_replace2 = p_replace._replace(first_name='Dong')
print(p_replace2)

Running result:

##Sample code 8:

【 _fields returns field name]

from collections import namedtuple
person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name'])
zhang_san = ('Zhang', 'San')
p = person._make(zhang_san)
print(p)
print(p._fields)

Running result:

Sample code 9:

[Using fields can Combine two namedtuples]

from collections import namedtuple
person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name'])
print(person._fields)
degree = namedtuple('Degree', 'major degree_class')
print(degree._fields)
person_with_degree = namedtuple('person_with_degree', person._fields + degree._fields)
print(person_with_degree._fields)
zhang_san = person_with_degree('san', 'zhang', 'cs', 'master')
print(zhang_san)

Running results:

Sample code 10:

【 field_defaults】

from collections import namedtuple
person = namedtuple('Person', ['first_name', 'last_name'], defaults=['san'])
print(person._fields)
print(person._field_defaults)
print(person('zhang'))
print(person('Li', 'si'))

Running results:

Sample code 11:

[namedtuple is a class, so Functions can be changed through subclasses]

from collections import namedtuple
Point = namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])
p = Point(4, 5)
print(p)
class Point(namedtuple('Point', ['x', 'y'])):
    __slots__ = ()
 
    @property
    def hypot(self):
        return self.x + self.y
    def hypot2(self):
        return self.x + self.y
    def __str__(self):
        return 'result is %.3f' % (self.x + self.y)
aa = Point(4, 5)
print(aa)
print(aa.hypot)
print(aa.hypot2)

Running results:

##Sample code 12:

[Note Observe the difference between the two writing methods]

from collections import namedtuple
 
Point = namedtuple("Point", ["x", "y"])
p = Point(11, 22)
print(p)
print(p.x, p.y)
 
# namedtuple本质上等于下面写法
class Point2(object):
    def __init__(self, x, y):
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
o = Point2(33, 44)
print(o)
print(o.x, o.y)

Running results:

##[Related recommendations:

Python3 video tutorial 】

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