What information is currently processed in computer systems?

The information currently processed in computer systems is "digital signals". Digital signals refer to using a set of special states to describe signals, typically signals represented by binary numbers; within the computer, all information is accessed, processed and transmitted in binary, that is, 0 and 1 are transmitted. and processed. In computers, the size of digital signals is often represented by binary numbers with limited bits.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The information currently processed in computer systems is "digital signals".

The information age has arrived without warning. We are surrounded by various signals all the time. The essence of signals is the physical quantity that represents messages (information), such as common sinusoidal electrical signals. , if it is different amplitude, different frequency, or different phase, it means different messages (information). Data with signals as the carrier can represent any information in the real physical world, such as text symbols, images, etc. From the perspective of its specific expression, signals can be divided into: analog signals and digital signals.

Digital signal refers to a signal in which the independent variable is discrete and the dependent variable is also discrete. The independent variable of this signal is represented by an integer and the dependent variable is represented by a number among finite numbers.

Digital signals refer to using a set of special states to describe signals, typically the signals currently represented by the most common binary digits. The reason why binary digits are used to represent signals is that The fundamental reason is that the circuit can only represent two states, that is, the circuit is on and off. In actual digital signal transmission, a certain range of information changes are usually classified as state 0 or state 1. The setting of this state greatly improves the anti-noise ability of digital signals. Not only that, in terms of confidentiality, anti-interference, transmission quality, etc., digital signals are better than analog signals, and they save more signal transmission channel resources.

Within the computer, the form of access, processing and transmission of all information is binary, that is, 0 and 1 are transmitted and processed; information storage and processing in computer systems are also It is based on binary.

The reasons why computers use binary:

1. Easy to represent

Binary numbers have only two basic symbols, "0" and "1", which are easy to express. Represented by two opposing physical states. For example, "1" can be used to represent the "closed" state of the light switch, and "0" can be used to represent the "off" state; the conduction of the transistor represents "1", and the off state represents "0"; the charging and discharging of the capacitor, and the electrical pulse. All devices with two opposite stable states, such as presence and absence, positive and negative pulse polarity, high and low potential, can represent binary "0" and "1". Decimal numbers have 10 basic symbols (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9), which can be represented by 10 states. It is very difficult to implement them with electronic devices.

2. Simple operations

The arithmetic operations of binary numbers are particularly simple. There are only 3 operation rules for addition and multiplication (0 0=0, 0 1=1, 1 1=10 and 0×0=0, 0×1=0, 1×1=1), it is not easy to make errors during operation. [In fact, when computers process arithmetic operations, they are all additions and shifts, and there is no multiplication or division. For example, if 11B is shifted one position to the left, it becomes 110B. 11B is 3 in decimal, and 110B is 6. See if it is equal to multiplying by two, left Transfer multiplication, shift right and divide, haha, it’s fun] In addition, the “1” and “0” of binary numbers can correspond to the logical values ​​​​“true” and “false”, which provides convenience for computers to perform logical operations. . Arithmetic operations and logical operations are the basic operations of computers. These two types of operations can be easily and conveniently performed using binary systems.

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