What can microcomputers be divided into according to their structure?

Microcomputers can be divided into 4 categories according to their structure: 1. Single-chip microcomputer is an integrated circuit chip that uses very large-scale integrated circuit technology to combine CPU, RAM, ROM, various I/O ports and interrupt systems. It is integrated into a silicon chip to form a small but complete microcomputer system. 2. A single-board computer assembles all parts of the computer on a printed circuit board. 3. Multi-chip machines integrate ADI's silicon wafers into a single package. 4. Multi-board computer is a motherboard that assembles CPU, memory, I/O interface circuit and bus interface on one motherboard.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

Microcomputers are referred to as "microcomputers" and "microcomputers". Because they have certain functions of the human brain, they are also called "microcomputers". Microcomputer is a small electronic computer composed of large-scale integrated circuits. It is a bare metal based on a microprocessor, equipped with internal memory, input and output (I/0) interface circuits and corresponding auxiliary circuits.

Classification of microcomputers

• According to the word length, it can be divided into 8-bit machines, 16-bit machines, 32-bit machines, and 64-bit machines;

• According to the structure, it can be divided into single chip computer, single board computer, multi-chip computer and multi-board computer;

• According to the CPU chip, it can be divided into 286 machine, 386 machine, 486 machine, Pentium machine.

Single-Chip Microcomputer

Single-Chip Microcomputer is an integrated circuit chip that uses very large-scale integrated circuit technology to process data. Capable central processing unit CPU, random access memory RAM, read-only memory ROM, various I/O ports and interrupt systems, timers/counters and other functions (may also include display driver circuits, pulse width modulation circuits, analog multiplexers , A/D converter and other circuits) integrated on a silicon chip to form a small and complete microcomputer system, which is widely used in the field of industrial control. From the 1980s, the 4-bit and 8-bit microcontrollers developed at that time to the current 300M high-speed microcontrollers.

MCU is also called a single-chip microcontroller. It is not a chip that completes a certain logical function, but integrates a computer system onto a chip. It is equivalent to a microcomputer. Compared with a computer, a microcontroller only lacks I/O devices. In a nutshell: a chip becomes a computer. Its small size, light weight and cheap price provide convenient conditions for learning, application and development. At the same time, learning to use microcontrollers is the best choice for understanding computer principles and structures.

MCUs are used in a wide range of fields, such as smart instruments, real-time industrial control, communication equipment, navigation systems, household appliances, etc.

Single Board Computer

"Single Board Computer" or "Single Board Computer" (SBC, Single Board Computer), assembles all parts of the computer together The printed circuit board includes microprocessor/memory/input and output interfaces, as well as simple seven-segment LED displays, keypads, sockets and other external devices. It has stronger functions than single-chip microcomputer and is suitable for controlling the production process. It can be operated directly on the experimental board and is suitable for teaching.

The biggest difference between a single-board computer and a single-chip microcomputer lies in the system composition:

• The single-board computer combines the entire functional system circuit of a microcomputer (CPU, ROM, RAM, input / output interface circuit and other auxiliary circuits) are all assembled on a printed circuit board, and then printed circuits are used to connect the various functional chips.

• A microcontroller is an integrated circuit chip that integrates CPU, program memory, data memory, input/output interface circuit, timer/counter, interrupt controller, analog-to-digital converter, digital /analog converters, modems and other components.

Multi-chip machine

Multi-chip machine integrates ADI's silicon wafers into a single package, providing stability, economy, and space saving s solution. Multi-chip machines can provide solutions at a lower cost than designing and building your own discrete solutions.

Multi-board computer

Multi-board computer assembles CPU, memory, I/O interface circuit and bus interface on one motherboard (i.e., hosted by a microcomputer). Various adapter boards are inserted into the expansion slots of the motherboard and installed in the same chassis as the power supply, soft/hard drive and optical drive. Together with the system software, a complete microcomputer system (referred to as the system for short) is formed. machine).

For more related knowledge, please visit the FAQ column!

The above is the detailed content of What can microcomputers be divided into according to their structure?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!