What is the main function of a microcomputer to perform arithmetic and logical operations?

The main function of the "operator" in the microcomputer is to perform arithmetic and logical operations. The arithmetic unit is a functional component in the computer that processes data, and data processing mainly includes arithmetic operations on data and logical operations on logical data; therefore, implementing arithmetic and logical operations on data is the core function of the arithmetic unit. The arithmetic unit is composed of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an accumulator, a status register, a general register group, etc.; the basic functions of the arithmetic logic unit are addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and, OR, NOT, XOR, etc. Logical operations, as well as operations such as shifts and complements.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The main function of the operator in the microcomputer is to perform arithmetic and logical operations.

Arithmetic unit: arithmetic unit, a component in a computer that performs various arithmetic and logical operations.

The arithmetic unit consists of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), an accumulator, a status register, a general-purpose register group, etc. The basic functions of the Arithmetic Logic Operation Unit (ALU) are the four arithmetic operations of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR, as well as operations such as shift and complement. When the computer is running, the operations and types of operations of the arithmetic units are determined by the controller. The data processed by the operator comes from the memory; the processed result data is usually sent back to the memory or temporarily stored in the operator. Together with the Control Unit, it forms the core part of the CPU.

The calculator is a functional component in the computer that processes data. Data processing mainly includes arithmetic operations on data and logical operations on logical data. Therefore, implementing arithmetic and logical operations on data is the core function of the arithmetic unit.

The basic function of the arithmetic unit is to complete the processing of various data, such as the four arithmetic operations, logical operations such as AND, OR, and negation, arithmetic and logical shift operations, comparing values, changing symbols, and calculating Main memory address, etc. The registers in the arithmetic unit are used to temporarily save the data participating in the operation and the intermediate results of the operation. Corresponding components should also be set up in the operator to record the characteristics of an operation result, such as whether it overflows, the sign bit of the result, whether the result is zero, etc. There are many types of operators used in computers, and there are different classification methods from different perspectives. The decimal point representation can be divided into fixed-point arithmetic and floating-point arithmetic. The fixed-point arithmetic unit can only perform fixed-point number operations, and its characteristic is that the range represented by machine numbers is smaller, but the structure is simpler. The floating-point arithmetic unit has a strong function and can perform operations on both floating-point numbers and fixed-point numbers. Its number representation range is large, but its structure is quite complex. From the aspect of carry system, it is divided into binary arithmetic unit and decimal arithmetic unit. Generally, computers use binary arithmetic units. As computers are widely used in business and data processing, more and more machines are expanding the function of decimal arithmetic, so that the arithmetic units can complete both binary operations and decimal operations. The arithmetic unit in the computer needs to have the function of completing a variety of arithmetic operations, so various algorithms must be integrated to design a complete arithmetic component.

Performance indicators

1. Machine word length

The machine word length refers to the basic number of digits of data involved in the operation. It determines the number of registers, operators and data buses, thus directly affecting the price of the hardware. The word length indicates the calculation precision. In order to coordinate accuracy and cost, and to meet various requirements, many computers allow variable word length calculations, such as half word length, full word length, double word length, etc. Since both numbers and instruction codes are placed in the main memory, there is often a corresponding relationship between the word length and the instruction code length. The word length also affects the strength of the instruction system function. Computer word sizes vary from 4, 8, 16, 32 to 64 bits. The machine word length can consist of one or more bytes. Machines used for scientific computing require a longer word length to ensure accuracy; for machines used for data processing and industrial control, a word length of 16 bits or 32 bits can meet the requirements.

2. Computing speed

It is one of the main indicators of the computer. The time required for computers to perform different calculations and operations may be different, so there are different calculation methods for calculation speed. The average speed is generally expressed as the average number of instructions that can be executed per unit time. For example, a computer's operating speed is 1 million times/second, which means that the computer can execute an average of 1 million instructions in one second (i.e. 1MIPS). Sometimes the equivalent speed representation is obtained using a weighted average method (that is, calculated based on the execution time of each instruction and the percentage of that instruction in all operations).

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