What parts of a computer are used to store programs and data?

The component in a computer used to store programs and data is "memory". Memory is a memory component used in computers to store programs and various data information. It can be divided into two categories: main memory and auxiliary memory; among them, main memory directly exchanges information with the CPU. The function of main memory is to store instructions and data, and can be directly and randomly accessed by the central processing unit (CPU); compared with auxiliary memory (such as disks), it has the characteristics of small capacity, fast read and write speed, and high price.

The operating environment of this tutorial: Windows 7 system, Dell G3 computer.

The component in the computer used to store programs and data is "memory".

Programs are the basis for computer operations, and data are the objects of computer operations. Programs and data are stored in the computer's memory device, the memory.

Memory is a collection of many storage units, arranged in order of unit numbers. Each unit is composed of a number of binary bits to represent the value stored in the storage unit. This structure is very similar to the structure of an array, so in the VHDL language, an array is usually used to describe the memory.

Memory is a memory component used in computers to store programs and various data information. It can be divided into two categories: main memory (referred to as main memory or memory) and auxiliary memory (referred to as auxiliary storage or external memory). It is the main memory that directly exchanges information with the CPU. , which exchanges information directly with the CPU is the main memory.

Main memory

The working method of main memory is to store or read various types of information according to the address of the storage unit, collectively referred to as access memory. The carrier that collects storage units in the main memory is called a memory bank. Each unit in the memory bank can store information represented by a string of binary codes. The total number of bits of this information is called the word length of a storage unit. There is a one-to-one correspondence between the address of the storage unit and the information stored in it. There is only one unit address, which is fixed, but the information stored in it can be replaced.

The binary code indicating each unit is called the address code. When looking for a certain unit, first give its address code. The register that temporarily stores this address code is called the memory address register (MAR). In order to store information taken out from the storage unit of the main memory or information to be stored in a certain storage unit, a memory data register (MDR) is also set up.

There are many types of internal memory. Random access memory (RAM) is used as a high-speed scratchpad memory area during computation. Data can be stored in RAM, read and replaced with new data. RAM is available when the computer is running. It contains information placed on the problem that the computer is working on at the moment. Most RAM is "volatile," meaning information will be lost when the computer is turned off. Read-only memory (ROM) is stable. It is used to store the set of instructions that the computer needs when necessary. The information stored in ROM is "hardwired" (i.e., it is a physical part of the electronic component) and cannot be changed by the computer (hence the name "read-only"). Variable ROM is called programmable-only. Read memory (PROM), which can be changed by exposing it to an external electrical device or optical device (such as a laser).

External memory

External memory is used Storage of images acquired during a non-live imaging mission has a different level of separation from the computer. Images where a diagnosis has been made are often stored for many years for legal purposes. These images are called "archives" (e.g. tapes) and they must be on the computer A reinstall is required to retrieve the information. The image in the hard drive is physically mounted on the computer and can be accessed within a few milliseconds. In magnetic memory individual bits are recorded as magnetic domains, and "North Pole Up" may mean 1," "North Pole Down" probably means 0.

The most commonly used external memory devices store information in one of two ways. Magnetic tape, in the form of a large disk-based device, was used as computer storage in the 1970s A mainstay, now in the form of small, enclosed cassette tapes, is a relatively cheap "offline" storage option. Although it can take a few seconds or even seconds to load modern audio tapes and find where the data of interest is stored. A few minutes, but the long-term cost of purchasing and repairing this storage medium is low.

Note:

Main memory generally uses semiconductor memory, and auxiliary memory ( For example, hard disk, floppy disk, tape, CD) have the characteristics of small capacity, fast reading and writing speed, and high price. The main memory in the computer mainly consists of five parts: memory bank, control circuit, address register, data register and address decoding circuit. .

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