What does the linux command ls mean?

In Linux, the full name of ls is "list", which means "list" in Chinese. Its main function is to display the contents of the specified working directory (list the files and subdirectories contained in the working directory), or it can View file permissions, syntax "ls [options] directory_name". When the ls command does not use any options, by default only the names of non-hidden files will be displayed and sorted by file name. At the same time, the file names will be colored according to the specific type of the file (blue displays directories, white displays general files).

#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux7.3 system, Dell G3 computer.

ls command, the abbreviation of list, Chinese means "list"

ls is the most common directory operation command, its main function is to display the specified work The contents of the directory (list the files and subdirectories contained in the current working directory).

Through the ls command, you can not only view the files contained in the Linux folder, but also view file permissions (including directory, folder, file permissions), view directory information, etc.

# ls [选项] 目录名称

Table 1 lists the commonly used options of the ls command and their respective functions.

Table 1 Common options and functions of ls command

Options	Function
-a	Show all files, including hidden files (files starting with .) are also listed together, this is one of the most commonly used options.
-A	Display all files, including hidden files, excluding the . and .. directories.
-d	Only the directory itself is listed, not the file data within the directory.
-f	ls sorts by file name by default. Using the -f option will list the results directly without sorting.
-F	Add the file type indicator after the file or directory name, for example, * represents a executable file, / represents a directory, = represents a socket file, | represents a FIFO file.
-h	Display file or directory size in a human-readable format, such as 1KB, 234MB, 2GB, etc.
-i	Display inode node information.
-l	List file and directory information using long format.
-n	The UID and GID are displayed instead of the file user name and group name respectively.
-r	Output the sorting results in reverse order. For example, if the original file names are from small to large, the reverse order is from large to small.
-R	Listing together with the contents of the subdirectory is equivalent to displaying all files in the directory.
-S	Sort by file size, not by file name.
-t	Sort by time, not by file name.
--color=never --color=always --color=auto	never means not to give color display based on file characteristics. always means displaying color, ls adopts this method by default. auto means to let the system determine whether to give color based on the configuration.
--full-time	Output in complete time mode (including year, month, day, hour, minute)
--time={atime,ctime}	Output access time or change permission attribute time (ctime), not content change time.

注意，当 ls 命令不使用任何选项时，默认只会显示非隐藏文件的名称，并以文件名进行排序，同时会根据文件的具体类型给文件名配色（蓝色显示目录，白色显示一般文件）。除此之外，如果想使用 ls 命令显示更多内容，就需要使用表 1 相应的选项。

地方

ls命令示例

示例1：列出所有文件(注意和-A参数的区别，结果里面包括表示当前目录.和上级目录..这两个文件)。

[root@localhost ~]# ls -a    #列出所有文件

示例2：列出所有的文件，但不包括表示当前目录.和上级目录..这两个文件。

[root@localhost ~]# ls -A

示例3：显示列表并且以ctime排序

[root@localhost /]# ls -clt   #和 -lt参数一起使用，以时间排序

[root@localhost /]# ls -cl   #和-l参数一起使用，以文件名排序并显示时间

[root@localhost /]# ls -c   #单独使用，以时间排序，但不显示时间
tmp  dev  etc  net  misc  selinux  sys  proc  sbin  bin  lib64  root  home  lib  mnt  var  boot  usr  media  srv  lost+found  opt

示例4：仅仅列出目录本身，不需要列出目录里的内容

[root@localhost /]# ls -d /home   #仅列出/home目录本身
/home
[root@localhost /]# ls /home   #列出/home目录里的内容
sgl  software

# 加上-l参数，比较的更清楚一些：
[root@localhost /]# ls -ld /home
drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Nov 18 22:05 /home
[root@localhost /]# ls -l /home
total 16
drwx------ 16 sgl  sgl  4096 Oct 17  2015 sgl
drwxr-xr-x  3 root root 4096 Nov 14 05:13 software

示例5：显示完整时间

[root@localhost ~]# ls --full-time /

示例6：以易读方式显示列表

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lh /   #注意列表容量大小列的单位

[root@localhost ~]# ls -l /   #默认方式，以字节为单位显示

示例7：显示inode

[root@localhost ~]# ls -li /

示例8：列出文件夹内容，并显示出文件所属用户和组的id

[root@localhost ~]# ls -ln /

示例9：以文件大小排序(升序和降序)

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lS /    #默认降序排序

[root@localhost ~]# ls -lSr /  #通过-r参数实现升序排列

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