在oracle中,数据库名是一个数据库的标识,使用参数“DB_NAME”表示,数据库名是在安装数据库时指定的,存储在“dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora”中;数据库名常使用与安装数据库、创建新的数据库、创建数据库控制文件时。
本教程操作环境:windows10系统、Oracle 11g版、Dell G3电脑。
oracle的数据库名是什么
数据库名就是一个数据库的标识,就像人的×××号一样。他用参数DB_NAME表示,如果一台机器上装了多全数据库,那么每一个数据库都有一个数据库名。在数据库安装或创建完成之后,参数DB_NAME被写入参数文件之中。格式如下:
DB_NAME=myorcl
在创建数据库时就应考虑好数据库名,并且在创建完数据库之后,数据库名不宜修改,即使要修改也会很麻烦。因为,数据库名还被写入控制文件中,控制文件是以二进制型式存储的,用户无法修改控制文件的内容。假设用户修改了参数文件中的数据库名,即修改DB_NAME的值。但是在Oracle启动时,由于参数文件中的DB_NAME与控制文件中的数据库名不一致,导致数据库启动失败,将返回ORA-01103错误。
数据库名的作用
数据库名是在安装数据库、创建新的数据库、创建数据库控制文件、修改数据结构、备份与恢复数据库时都需要使用到的。
数据库名是在安装数据库时指定的,存储在(dbhome_1/dbs/init.ora)。
扩展知识:
有很多Oracle安装文件目录是与数据库名相关的,如:
winnt: d:\oracle\product\10.1.0\oradata\DB_NAME\... Unix: /home/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/oradata/DB_NAME/... pfile: winnt: d:\oracle\product\10.1.0\admin\DB_NAME\pfile\ini.ora Unix: /home/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/DB_NAME/pfile/init$ORACLE_SID.ora
跟踪文件目录:
winnt: /home/app/oracle/product/10.1.0/admin/DB_NAME/bdump/...
另外,在创建数据时,careate database命令中的数据库名也要与参数文件中DB_NAME参数的值一致,否则将产生错误。
同样,修改数据库结构的语句alter database, 当然也要指出要修改的数据库的名称。
如果控制文件损坏或丢失,数据库将不能加载,这时要重新创建控制文件,方法是以nomount方式启动实例,然后以create controlfile命令创建控制文件,当然这个命令中也是指指DB_NAME。
还有在备份或恢复数据库时,都需要用到数据库名。
总之,数据库名很重要,要准确理解它的作用。
查询当前数据名
方法一:
select name from v$database;
方法二:
show parameter db
方法三:查看参数文件。
修改数据库名
前面建议:应在创建数据库时就确定好数据库名,数据库名不应作修改,因为修改数据库名是一件比较复杂的事情。那么现在就来说明一下,如何在已创建数据之后,修改数据库名。步骤如下:
1.关闭数据库。
2.修改数据库参数文件中的DB_NAME参数的值为新的数据库名。
3.以NOMOUNT方式启动实例,修建控制文件
推荐教程:《Oracle视频教程》
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