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Linux has a function to get the time. Commonly used time functions in Linux: 1. time() function to obtain the current time; 2. "localtime_r"() and localtime() functions to obtain the current local time and date; 3. gettimeofday() function to obtain the current time time.
#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux7.3 system, Dell G3 computer.
Introduction to commonly used time functions:
#include <time.h> time_t time(time_t *t); /* 此函数会返回从公元1970年1月1日的UTC时间从0时0分0秒算起到现在所经过的秒数。 * 如果t 并非空指针的话,此函数也会将返回值存到t指针所指的内存。 */Example code:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> int main() { time_t sec; sec = time((time_t *)NULL); printf("%d\n", (int)sec); return 0; }Running results:
#include <time.h>
struct tm *localtime(const time_t *timep);
struct tm *localtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result);
/*该函数将有time函数获取的值timep转换真实世界所使用的时间日期表示方法,然后将结果由结构tm返回*/
/**需要注意的是localtime函数可以将时间转换本地时间,但是localtime函数不是线程安全的。
多线程应用里面,应该用localtime_r函数替代localtime函数,因为localtime_r是线程安全的**/
Instance code:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> int main() { time_t tmp; struct tm *timp; time(&tmp); timp = localtime(&tmp); printf("%d-%d-%d %d:%d:%d\n", (1900 + timp->tm_year), ( 1 + timp->tm_mon), timp->tm_mday, (timp->tm_hour), timp->tm_min, timp->tm_sec); return 0; }
Running result:
#include <time.h> struct tm *gmtime(const time_t *timep); struct tm *gmtime_r(const time_t *timep, struct tm *result); char *asctime(const struct tm *tm); char *asctime_r(const struct tm *tm, char *buf); /* *gmtime是把日期和时间转换为格林威治(GMT)时间的函数。 *将参数time 所指的time_t 结构中的信息转换成真实世界所使用的时间日期表示方法,然后将结果由结构tm返回 *asctime 将时间以换为字符串字符串格式返回 */Example code:
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <time.h> int main() { time_t timp; time(&timp); printf("%s\n", asctime(gmtime(&timp))); return 0; }Running results: (
The string obtained by asctime itself has a newline character
)## ctime(), ctime_r() represents the time and date in string format
#include <time.h> char *ctime(const time_t *timep); char *ctime_r(const time_t *timep, char *buf); /* *ctime()将参数timep所指的time_t结构中的信息转换成真实世界所使用的时间日期表示方法, *然后将结果以字符串形态返回 */
Example code: #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
int main(void)
{
time_t tmp;
time(&tmp);
printf("%s\n", ctime(&tmp));
return 0;
}
Run result: (
)
mktime() Converts the value of the time structure struct tm into elapsed seconds#include <time.h> time_t mktime(struct tm *tm); /* *将时间结构体struct tm的值转化为经过的秒数 */
Example code: #include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
int main()
{
time_t tmp;
struct tm *timp;
time(&tmp);
timp = localtime(&tmp);
tmp = mktime(timp);
printf("%d\n", (int)tmp);
return 0;
}
Run result:
## gettimeofday() Gets the current time
#include <sys/time.h> int gettimeofday(struct timeval *tv, struct timezone *tz); struct timeval { time_t tv_sec; /* seconds (秒)*/ suseconds_t tv_usec; /* microseconds(微秒) */ }; struct timezone { int tz_minuteswest; /* minutes west of Greenwich */ int tz_dsttime; /* type of DST correction */ }; /* *gettimeofday函数获取当前时间存于tv结构体中,相应的时区信息则存于tz结构体中 *需要注意的是tz是依赖于系统,不同的系统可能存在获取不到的可能,因此通常设置为NULL */
#include <stdio.h> #include <string.h> #include <sys/time.h> int main() { struct timeval tv; gettimeofday(&tv, NULL); printf("tv_sec = %d\n", (int)tv.tv_sec); printf("tv_usec = %d\n", (int)tv.tv_usec); return 0; }Running results:
Recommended learning: Linux video tutorial
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