What is the command to view all files in linux

The Linux command to view all files is "ls". The ls command can display all files in the specified directory. The syntax is "ls [option] directory name". If the option is set to "-a", all files, including hidden files, can be displayed; if the option is "-A", all files, including hidden files, are displayed, but the "." and ".." directories are not included.

#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux5.9.8 system, Dell G3 computer.

The Linux command to view all files is "ls".

ls command, the abbreviation of list, is the most common directory operation command. Its main function is to display the contents of the current directory. The basic format of this command is:

ls [选项] 目录名称

ls command displays options for all files:

##             Options           Function-aDisplays all files, including hidden files (files starting with .), which are also listed together. This is one of the most commonly used options. -ADisplay all files, including hidden files, but excludes the . and .. directories. Other options:

OptionsFunction-dOnly lists the directory itself, not the file data within the directory. -fls defaults to sorting by file name. Using the -f option will list the results directly without sorting. -FAdd the file type indicator after the file or directory name, for example, * represents a executable file, / represents a directory, = represents a socket file, | stands for FIFO file. -hDisplay file or directory size in a human-readable way, such as 1KB, 234MB, 2GB, etc. -iDisplay inode node information. -l Use long format to list file and directory information. -nUID and GID are displayed instead of the file user name and group name respectively. -r Output the sorting results in the reverse direction. For example, if the original file names are from small to large, the reverse is from large to small. -RListing together with the contents of the subdirectory is equivalent to displaying all files in the directory. -SSort by file size, not by file name. -tSort by time, not by file name. --color=never never means that the color display is not based on the file characteristics. --full-timeOutput in full time mode (including year, month, day, hour, minute)--time={atime,ctime}Output access time or change permission attribute time (ctime), not content change time.

注意，当 ls 命令不使用任何选项时，默认只会显示非隐藏文件的名称，并以文件名进行排序，同时会根据文件的具体类型给文件名配色（蓝色显示目录，白色显示一般文件）。

【例 1】ls -al ~

通过使用 -a，你会看到以 . 为开头的几个文件，以及目录文件 （.）、（..）、.gconf 等等，这些都是隐藏的目录和文件。其中，目录文件名以蓝色显示，一般文件以白色显示。

注意，Linux 系统中，隐藏文件不是为了把文件藏起来不让其他用户找到，而是为了告诉用户这些文件都是重要的系统文件，如非必要，不要乱动！所以，不论是 Linux 还是 Windows 都可以非常简单地査看隐藏文件，只是在 Windows 中绝大多数的病毒和木马都会把自己变成隐藏文件，给用户带来了错觉，以为隐藏文件是为了不让用户发现。

不仅如此，这里的 ls 命令还使用了 -l 选项，因此才显示出了文件的详细信息，此选项显示的这 7 列的含义分别是：

• 第一列：规定了不同的用户对文件所拥有的权限，具体权限的含义将在后续章节中讲解。

• 第二列：引用计数，文件的引用计数代表该文件的硬链接个数，而目录的引用计数代表该目录有多少个一级子目录。

• 第三列：所有者，也就是这个文件属于哪个用户。默认所有者是文件的建立用户。

• 第四列：所属组，默认所属组是文件建立用户的有效组，一般情况下就是建立用户的所在组。

• 第五列：大小，默认单位是字节。

• 第六列：文件修改时间，文件状态修改时间或文件数据修改时间都会更改这个时间，注意这个时间不是文件的创建时间。

• 第七列：文件名或目录名。

【例 2】查看某个目录的详细信息

ls -l /root/

这个命令会显示目录下的内容，而不会显示这个目录本身的详细信息。如果想显示目录本身的信息，就必须加入 "-d" 选项。

ls -ld /root/

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--color=always --color=auto	always means displaying color, ls adopts this method by default. auto means to let the system determine whether to give color based on the configuration.

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