What parts does linux consist of

It is composed of four parts: 1. Kernel, which is the core of the operating system and the core interface between computer hardware and its process. It is responsible for the communication between the two; 2. Shell, which is the user interface of the system. , provides an interface for users to interact with the kernel; 3. File system, which is an organization method for files stored on storage devices such as disks; 4. Applications.

#The operating environment of this tutorial: linux5.9.8 system, Dell G3 computer.

Linux systems generally have 4 main parts: kernel, shell, file system and applications. The kernel, shell, and file system together form the basic operating system structure that allows users to run programs, manage files, and use the system.

1. Linux kernel

The kernel is the core of the operating system,

The Linux kernel is the Linux operating system (OS) The main component and core interface between computer hardware and its processes. It is responsible for the communication between the two and also manages the resources as efficiently as possible.

The kernel has many basic functions, such as virtual memory, multitasking, shared libraries, demand loading, executable programs and TCP/IP network functions. The modules of the Linux kernel are divided into the following parts: storage management, CPU and process management, file system, device management and driver, network communication, system initialization and system calls, etc.

The kernel has 4 main jobs:

• Memory Management: Keeping track of how much memory is used to store what and where

• Process Management: Determines which processes can use the central processing unit (CPU), when, and for how long

• Device Driver: Acts as a mediator between hardware and processes /Interpreter

• System call and security protection: accepting service requests from the process

2. Linux shell

Shell is the user interface of the system, providing an interface for users to interact with the kernel. It receives commands entered by the user and sends them to the kernel for execution. It is a command interpreter. In addition, the shell programming language has many characteristics of ordinary programming languages. Shell programs written in this programming language have the same effect as other applications.

3. Linux File System

The file system is an organization method for files stored on storage devices such as disks.

The Linux operating system uses the virtual file system (VFS) to interface with the user process file access system call upwards and downwards with the implementation interfaces of different specific file systems. VFS shields the implementation details of specific files and provides a unified operation interface upwards.

Any file system can be implemented through VFS, and these file systems can be accessed through file access system calls. Therefore, the Linux system core can support more than ten file system types, such as Btrfs, JFS, ReiserFS, ext, ext2, ext3, ext4, ISO9660, XFS, Minx, MSDOS, UMSDOS, VFAT, NTFS, HPFS, NFS, SMB, SysV, PROC etc.

The following describes several important file systems it supports

2. ext is specially designed for Linux and is the first file system made for the Linux core. Maximum limit for a single file: unknown; the file system supports a maximum capacity of 2GB.

3. ext2 was designed by Rémy Card to replace ext and is the file system used by the LINUX kernel. The maximum limit for a single file is 2TB; the file system supports a maximum capacity of 32TB.

4. ext3 is a log file system. The maximum limit for a single file is 16TB, and the file system supports a maximum capacity of 32TB.

5. The development team led by ext4Theodore Tso implemented the log file system under the Linux system. The maximum limit for a single file is 16TB, and the file system supports a maximum capacity of 1EB.

6. JFS2 is a byte-level log file system. This file system is mainly designed and developed to meet the high throughput and reliability requirements of the server. The maximum limit for a single file is 16TB, and the file system supports a maximum capacity of 1PB.

Note: This article only explains the maximum file size limit and the maximum capacity of the file system for these file systems, and does not explain the comparison of their performance.

4. Linux Applications

The standard Linux system generally has a set of programs called applications, which includes text Editors, programming languages, XWindow, office suites, Internet tools and databases, etc.

Related recommendations: "Linux Video Tutorial"

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