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HomeDevelopment ToolsgitQuick check! Comprehensive list of commonly used Git commands [Summary recommendations]

git common commands

1. Commonly used

$ git remote add origin git@github.com:yeszao/dofiler.git         # 配置远程git版本库
$ git pull origin master                                          # 下载代码及快速合并 
$ git push origin master                                          # 上传代码及快速合并
$ git fetch origin                                                # 从远程库获取代码
$ git branch                                                      # 显示所有分支
$ git checkout master                                             # 切换到master分支
$ git checkout -b dev                                             # 创建并切换到dev分支
$ git commit -m "first version"                                   # 提交
$ git status                                                      # 查看状态
$ git log                                                         # 查看提交历史
$ git config --global core.editor vim                             # 设置默认编辑器为vim(git默认用nano)
$ git config core.ignorecase false                                # 设置大小写敏感
$ git config --global user.name "YOUR NAME"                       # 设置用户名
$ git config --global user.email "YOUR EMAIL ADDRESS"             # 设置邮箱

2. Alias

$ git config --global alias.br="branch"                 # 创建/查看本地分支
$ git config --global alias.co="checkout"               # 切换分支
$ git config --global alias.cb="checkout -b"            # 创建并切换到新分支
$ git config --global alias.cm="commit -m"              # 提交
$ git config --global alias.st="status"                 # 查看状态
$ git config --global alias.pullm="pull origin master"  # 拉取分支
$ git config --global alias.pushm="push origin master"  # 提交分支
$ git config --global alias.log="git log --oneline --graph --decorate --color=always" # 单行、分颜色显示记录
$ git config --global alias.logg="git log --graph --all --format=format:'%C(bold blue)%h%C(reset) - %C(bold green)(%ar)%C(reset) %C(white)%s%C(reset) %C(bold white)— %an%C(reset)%C(bold yellow)%d%C(reset)' --abbrev-commit --date=relative" # 复杂显示

3. Create a repository

$ git clone <url>                 # 克隆远程版本库
$ git init                        # 初始化本地版本库

4. Modify and commit

$ git status                      # 查看状态
$ git diff                        # 查看变更内容
$ git add .                       # 跟踪所有改动过的文件
$ git add <file>                  # 跟踪指定的文件
$ git mv <old> <new>              # 文件改名
$ git rm <file>                   # 删除文件
$ git rm --cached <file>          # 停止跟踪文件但不删除
$ git commit -m “commit message”  # 提交所有更新过的文件
$ git commit --amend              # 修改最后一次提交

5. View history

$ git log                         # 查看提交历史
$ git log -p <file>               # 查看指定文件的提交历史
$ git blame <file>                # 以列表方式查看指定文件的提交历史

6. Undo

$ git reset --hard HEAD           # 撤消工作目录中所有未提交文件的修改内容
$ git reset --hard <version>      # 撤销到某个特定版本
$ git checkout HEAD <file>        # 撤消指定的未提交文件的修改内容
$ git checkout -- <file>          # 同上一个命令
$ git revert <commit>             # 撤消指定的提交分支与标签

7. Branch and tag

$ git branch                      # 显示所有本地分支
$ git checkout <branch/tag>       # 切换到指定分支或标签
$ git branch <new-branch>         # 创建新分支
$ git branch -d <branch>          # 删除本地分支
$ git tag                         # 列出所有本地标签
$ git tag <tagname>               # 基于最新提交创建标签
$ git tag -a "v1.0" -m "一些说明"  # -a指定标签名称,-m指定标签说明
$ git tag -d <tagname>            # 删除标签
$ git checkout dev                # 合并特定的commit到dev分支上
$ git cherry-pick 62ecb3

8. Merge and rebase

$ git merge <branch>              # 合并指定分支到当前分支
$ git merge --abort               # 取消当前合并,重建合并前状态
$ git merge dev -Xtheirs          # 以合并dev分支到当前分支,有冲突则以dev分支为准
$ git rebase <branch>             # 衍合指定分支到当前分支

9. Remote operation

$ git remote -v                   # 查看远程版本库信息
$ git remote show <remote>        # 查看指定远程版本库信息
$ git remote add <remote> <url>   # 添加远程版本库
$ git remote remove <remote>      # 删除指定的远程版本库
$ git fetch <remote>              # 从远程库获取代码
$ git pull <remote> <branch>      # 下载代码及快速合并
$ git push <remote> <branch>      # 上传代码及快速合并
$ git push <remote> :<branch/tag-name> # 删除远程分支或标签
$ git push --tags                 # 上传所有标签

10. Packaging

$ git archive --format=zip --output ../file.zip master    # 将master分支打包成file.zip文件,保存在上一级目录
$ git archive --format=zip --output ../v1.2.zip v1.2      # 打包v1.2标签的文件,保存在上一级目录v1.2.zip文件中
$ git archive --format=zip v1.2 > ../v1.2.zip             # 作用同上一条命令

11. Global and local configuration

全局配置保存在:$Home/.gitconfig
本地仓库配置保存在:.git/config

12. Remote and local merge

$ git init                              # 初始化本地代码仓
$ git add .                             # 添加本地代码
$ git commit -m "add local source"      # 提交本地代码
$ git pull origin master                # 下载远程代码
$ git merge master                      # 合并master分支
$ git push -u origin master             # 上传代码

Recommended: "Git Usage Tutorial"

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